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Found 37769 matches. Displaying 7851-7860
Huang YM, Merkatz R, Kang JZ, Roberts K, Hu XY, Di Donato F, Sitruk-Ware R, Cheng LN
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Postpartum unintended pregnancy and contraception practice among rural-to-urban migrant women in Shanghai
CONTRACEPTION 2012 DEC; 86(6):731-738
Background: Rural-to-urban migrant women in Shanghai have poor reproductive health; the incidence of postpartum unintended pregnancy and contraceptive practices has not been adequately studied in this population. Study Design: This retrospective study examined the incidence of postpartum unintended pregnancy and associated factors among migrant women and included a medical records reviews, telephone interviews and in-depth face-to-face interviews. Results: The incidence of unintended pregnancy during the first and second years postpartum was 12.8 and 12.9 per 100 women-years, respectively. Eighty-six percent resulted from nonuse of contraception, and 88% ended in induced abortions. Median times of sexual activity resumption and contraception initiation were 2 months and 7.5 months postpartum, respectively. Approximately 17% of women did not adopt effective contraceptive methods until undergoing induced abortion. Conclusions: Concentrated efforts, including contraception counseling prior to discharge and early postpartum visits, are required to increase early use of effective contraception among rural-to-urban migrant women in Shanghai and to reduce their high level of postpartum unintended pregnancy. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Taillefumier T, Touboul J, Magnasco M
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Exact Event-Driven Implementation for Recurrent Networks of Stochastic Perfect Integrate-and-Fire Neurons
NEURAL COMPUTATION 2012 DEC; 24(12):3145-3180
In vivo cortical recording reveals that indirectly driven neural assemblies can produce reliable and temporally precise spiking patterns in response to stereotyped stimulation. This suggests that despite being fundamentally noisy, the collective activity of neurons conveys information through temporal coding. Stochastic integrate-and-fire models delineate a natural theoretical framework to study the interplay of intrinsic neural noise and spike timing precision. However, there are inherent difficulties in simulating their networks' dynamics in silico with standard numerical discretization schemes. Indeed, the well-posedness of the evolution of such networks requires temporally ordering every neuronal interaction, whereas the order of interactions is highly sensitive to the random variability of spiking times. Here, we answer these issues for perfect stochastic integrate-and-fire neurons by designing an exact event-driven algorithm for the simulation of recurrent networks, with delayed Dirac-like interactions. In addition to being exact from the mathematical standpoint, our proposed method is highly efficient numerically. We envision that our algorithm is especially indicated for studying the emergence of polychronized motifs in networks evolving under spike-timing-dependent plasticity with intrinsic noise.
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Lazaridis C, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Ojalvo I, Palmonari F, Pierro GA, Ross I, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J
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Search for Heavy Neutrinos and W-R Bosons with Right-Handed Couplings in a Left-Right Symmetric Model in pp Collisions at root s=7 TeV
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012 DEC 27; 109(26):? Article 261802
Results are presented from a search for heavy, right-handed muon neutrinos, N-mu, and right-handed W-R bosons, which arise in the left-right symmetric extensions of the standard model. The analysis is based on a 5: 0 fb(-1) sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence is observed for an excess of events over the standard model expectation. For models with exact left-right symmetry, heavy right-handed neutrinos are excluded at 95% confidence level for a range of neutrino masses below the WR mass, dependent on the value of M-WR. The excluded region in the two-dimensional (M-WR, MN mu) mass plane extends to M-WR = 2.5TeV. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.261802
Keyes BE, Sykes KD, Remington CE, Burke DJ
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Sister Chromatids Segregate at Mitosis Without Mother-Daughter Bias in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
GENETICS 2012 DEC; 192(4):1553-+
There is evidence accumulating for nonrandom segregation of one or more chromosomes during mitosis in different cell types. We use cell synchrony and two methods to show that all chromatids of budding yeast segregate randomly and that there is no mother-daughter bias with respect to Watson and Crick-containing strands of DNA.
Loeb GB, Khan AA, Canner D, Hiatt JB, Shendure J, Darnell RB, Leslie CS, Rudensky AY
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Transcriptome-wide miR-155 Binding Map Reveals Widespread Noncanonical MicroRNA Targeting
MOLECULAR CELL 2012 DEC 14; 48(5):760-770
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential components of gene regulation, but identification of miRNA targets remains a major challenge. Most target prediction and discovery relies on perfect complementarity of the miRNA seed to the 3' untranslated region (UTR). However, it is unclear to what extent miRNAs target sites without seed matches. Here, we performed a transcriptome-wide identification of the endogenous targets of a single miRNA-miR-155-in a genetically controlled manner. We found that approximately 40% of miR-155-dependent Argonaute binding occurs at sites without perfect seed matches. The majority of these noncanonical sites feature extensive complementarity to the miRNA seed with one mismatch. These noncanonical sites confer regulation of gene expression, albeit less potently than canonical sites. Thus, noncanonical miRNA binding sites are widespread, often contain seed-like motifs, and can regulate gene expression, generating a continuum of targeting and regulation.
Kallifidas D, Kang HS, Brady SF
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Tetarimycin A, an MRSA-Active Antibiotic Identified through Induced Expression of Environmental DNA Gene Clusters
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012 DEC 5; 134(48):19552-19555
The propagation of DNA extracted directly from environmental samples in laboratory-grown bacteria provides a means to study natural products encoded in the genomes of uncultured bacteria. However, gene silencing often hampers the functional characterization of gene clusters captured on environmental DNA clones. Here we show that the overexpression of transcription factors found in sequenced environmental DNA-derived biosynthetic gene clusters, in conjunction with traditional culture-broth extract screening, can be used to identify new bioactive secondary metabolites from otherwise-silent gene clusters. Tetarimycin A, a tetracyclic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-active antibiotic, was isolated from the culture-broth extract of Streptomyces albus cultures cotransformed with an environmentally derived type-II polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster and its pathway-specific Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP) cloned under the control of the cons!
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Cox B, Francis B, Goodell J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Lin C, Neu C, Wood J, Gollapinni S, Harr R, Karchin PE, Don CKK, Lamichhane P, Sakharov A, Anderson M, Belknap D, Borrello L, Carlsmith D, Cepeda M, Dasu S, Friis E, Gray L, Grogg KS, Grothe M, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Herve A, Klabbers P, Klukas J, Lanaro A, Lazaridis C, Leonard J, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Ojalvo I, Palmonari F, Pierro GA, Ross I, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J
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Search for pair produced fourth-generation up-type quarks in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with a lepton in the final state
PHYSICS LETTERS B 2012 DEC 5; 718(2):307-328
The results of a search for the pair production of a fourth-generation up-type quark (t') in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV are presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 5.0 fb(-1) collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the LHC. The t' quark is assumed to decay exclusively to a W boson and a b quark. Events with a single isolated electron or muon, missing transverse momentum, and at least four hadronic jets, of which at least one must be identified as a b jet, are selected. No significant excess of events over standard model expectations is observed. Upper limits for the t'(t) over bar' production cross section at 95% confidence level are set as a function of t' mass, and t'-quark production for masses below 570 GeV is excluded. The search is equally sensitive to nonchiral heavy quarks decaying to Wb. In this case, the results can be interpreted as upper limits on the production cross section times the branching fraction to Wb. (C) 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fontan L, Yang CH, Kabaleeswaran V, Volpon L, Osborne MJ, Beltran E, Garcia M, Cerchietti L, Shaknovich R, Yang SN, Fang F, Gascoyne RD, Martinez-Climent JA, Glickman JF, Borden K, Wu H, Melnick A
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MALT1 Small Molecule Inhibitors Specifically Suppress ABC-DLBCL In Vitro and In Vivo
CANCER CELL 2012 DEC 11; 22(6):812-824
MALT1 cleavage activity is linked to the pathogenesis of activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), a chemoresistant form of DLBCL. We developed a MALT1 activity assay and identified chemically diverse MALT1 inhibitors. A selected lead compound, MI-2, featured direct binding to MALT1 and suppression of its protease function. MI-2 concentrated within human ABC-DLBCL cells and irreversibly inhibited cleavage of MALT1 substrates. This was accompanied by NE-kappa B reporter activity suppression, c-REL nuclear localization inhibition, and NF-kappa B target gene downregulation. Most notably, MI-2 was nontoxic to mice, and displayed selective activity against ABC-DLBCL cell lines in vitro and xenotransplanted ABC-DLBCL tumors in vivo. The compound was also effective against primary human non-germinal center B cell-like DLBCLs ex vivo.
Gareau DS, Jeon H, Nehal KS, Rajadhyaksha M
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Rapid screening of cancer margins in tissue with multimodal confocal microscopy
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH 2012 DEC; 178(2):533-538
Background: Complete and accurate excision of cancer is guided by the examination of histopathology. However, preparation of histopathology is labor intensive and slow, leading to insufficient sampling of tissue and incomplete and/or inaccurate excision of margins. We demonstrate the potential utility of multimodal confocal mosaicing microscopy for rapid screening of cancer margins, directly in fresh surgical excisions, without the need for conventional embedding, sectioning, or processing. Materials and methods: A multimodal confocal mosaicing microscope was developed to image basal cell carcinoma margins in surgical skin excisions, with the resolution that shows nuclear detail. Multimodal contrast is with fluorescence for imaging nuclei and reflectance for cellular cytoplasm and dermal collagen. Thirty-five excisions of basal cell carcinomas from Mohs surgery were imaged, and the mosaics analyzed by comparison with the corresponding frozen pathology. Results: Confocal mosaics are produced in about 9 min, displaying tissue in fields of view of 12mm with x2 magnification. A digital staining algorithm transforms black and white contrast to purple and pink, which simulates the appearance of standard histopathology. Mosaicing enables rapid digital screening, which mimics the examination of histopathology. Conclusions: Multimodal confocal mosaicing microscopy offers a technology platform to potentially enable real-time pathology at the bedside. The imaging may serve as an adjunct to conventional histopathology to expedite screening of margins and guide surgery toward more complete and accurate excision of cancer. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Hemmes H, Henriques R, Jang IC, Kim S, Chua NH
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Circadian Clock Regulates Dynamic Chromatin Modifications Associated with Arabidopsis CCA1/LHY and TOC1 Transcriptional Rhythms
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012 DEC; 53(12):2016-2029
Circadian clocks enable organisms to adapt to a 24 h diurnal cycle and anticipate rhythmic changes in the environment. The Arabidopsis central oscillator contains three genes encoding core clock components. CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1)/LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and TIMING OF CEXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) reciprocally repress genes encoding each other and are critical for the generation of circadian rhythms controlling many clock outputs. A precise regulation of transcriptional events is, therefore, essential for proper circadian function. Here, we investigated histone 3 (H3) tail modifications of CCA1, LHY and TOC1 under various conditions. We found specific association of only H3K4Me3 and H3K9/14Ac with the translational start site of these three genes. These H3 marks were enriched at circadian time points of their increased transcription at different photoperiods and under free-running conditions, suggesting circadian regulation of H3 modifications. Analysis of clock-compromised CCA1-overexpressing lines provided evidence that light/dark photoperiods signal the establishment of these chromatin changes which are gated by the clock.