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Found 37769 matches. Displaying 7751-7760
Kelly H, Mandraju R, Coelho-dos-Reis JGA, Tsuji M
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Effects of HIV-1-induced CD1c and CD1d modulation and endogenous lipid presentation on CD1c-restricted T-cell activation
BMC IMMUNOLOGY 2013 JAN 24; 14(?):? Article 4
Background: It has been shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection induces the production of endogenous lipids required for effective viral production, and the cluster of differentiation (CD) 1 molecule CD1d is downregulated by HIV-1 infection. However, the role of endogenous lipid presentation and the implications of CD1 downregulation by HIV-1 infection have not yet been characterized. Results: In this study, we observed downregulation of both CD1c and CD1d expression through a Vpu-dependent and Nef-independent mechanism, and the concomitant HIV-1-induced production of host cholesterol decreased the extent of CD1c and CD1d modulation. While the modest downregulation of CD1c by HIV-1 infection decreased the ability of CD1c-restricted T cells to respond and secrete interferon-gamma, the cholesterol upregulation in the same cells by HIV-1 infection appears to limit the downregulation of CD1c. Conclusions: The two conflicting HIV-1-mediated changes in CD1c expression appear to minimize the modulation of CD1c expression, thus leading the host to maintain a CD1c-restricted T-cell response against HIV-1.
Anne Sandrine L, Govek Eve-Ellen, Ayrault Olivier, Kim Jee Hae, Zhu Xiaodong, Murphy David A, Van Aelst Linda, Roussel Martine F, Hatten Mary E
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WNT3 Inhibits Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Proliferation and Medulloblastoma Formation via MAPK Activation.
PloS one 2013 2013 Nov 26; 8(11):e81769-e81769
During normal cerebellar development, the remarkable expansion of granule cell progenitors (GCPs) generates a population of granule neurons that outnumbers the total neuronal population of the cerebral cortex, and provides a model for identifying signaling pathways that may be defective in medulloblastoma. While many studies focus on identifying pathways that promote growth of GCPs, a critical unanswered question concerns the identification of signaling pathways that block mitogenic stimulation and induce early steps in differentiation. Here we identify WNT3 as a novel suppressor of GCP proliferation during cerebellar development and an inhibitor of medulloblastoma growth in mice. WNT3, produced in early postnatal cerebellum, inhibits GCP proliferation by down-regulating pro-proliferative target genes of the mitogen Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and the bHLH transcription factor Atoh1. WNT3 suppresses GCP growth through a non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, activating prototypic mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), the Ras-dependent extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and ERK5, instead of the classical beta-catenin pathway. Inhibition of MAPK activity using a MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of WNT3 on GCP proliferation. Importantly, WNT3 inhibits proliferation of medulloblastoma tumor growth in mouse models by a similar mechanism. Thus, the present study suggests a novel role for WNT3 as a regulator of neurogenesis and repressor of neural tumors.
Tischler AD, Leistikow RL, Kirksey MA, Voskuil MI, McKinney JD
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Requires Phosphate-Responsive Gene Regulation To Resist Host Immunity
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2013 JAN; 81(1):317-328
Mycobacterium tuberculosis persists in the tissues of mammalian hosts despite inducing a robust immune response dominated by the macrophage-activating cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). We identified the M. tuberculosis phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system component PstA1 as a factor required to resist IFN-gamma-dependent immunity. A Delta pstA1 mutant was fully virulent in IFN-gamma(-/-) mice but attenuated in wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking specific IFN-gamma-inducible immune mechanisms: nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), phagosome-associated p47 GTPase (Irgm1), or phagocyte oxidase (phox). These phenotypes suggest that Delta pstA1 bacteria are sensitized to an IFN-gamma-dependent immune mechanism(s) other than NOS2, Irgm1, or phox. In other species, the Pst system has a secondary role as a negative regulator of phosphate starvation-responsive gene expression through an interaction with a two-component signal transduction system. In M. tuberculosis, we found th!
Chatrchyan S, Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Aguilo E, Bergauer T, Dragicevic M, Ero J, Fabjan C, Friedl M, Fruhwirth R, Ghete VM, Hammer J, Hormann N, Hrubec J, Jeitler M, Kiesenhofer W, Knunz V, Krammer M, Kratschmer I, Liko D, Mikulec I, Pernicka M, Rahbaran B, Rohringer C, Rohringer H, Schofbeck R, Strauss J, Taurok A, Waltenberger W, Walzel G, Widl E, Wulz CE, Mossolov V, Shumeiko N, Gonzalez JS, Bansal M, Bansal S, Cornelis T, De Wolf EA, Janssen X, Luyckx S, Mucibello L, Ochesanu S, Roland B, Rougny R, Selvaggi M, Staykova Z, Van Haevermaet H, Van Mechelen P, Van Remortel N, Van Spilbeeck A, Blekman F, Blyweert S, D'Hondt J, Suarez RG, Kalogeropoulos A, Maes M, Olbrechts A, Van Doninck W, Van Mulders P, Van Onsem GP, Villella I, Clerbaux B, De Lentdecker G, Dero V, Gay APR, Hreus T, Leonard A, Marage PE, Mohammadi A, Reis T, Thomas L, Vander Marcken G, Vander Velde C, Vanlaer P, Wang J, Adler V, Beernaert K, Cimmino A, Costantini S, Garcia G, Grunewald M, Klein B, Lellouch J, Marinov A, Mccartin J, Rios AAO, Ryckbosch D, Strobbe N, Thyssen F, Tytgat M, Verwilligen P, Walsh S, Yazgan E, Zaganidis N, Basegmez S, Bruno G, Castello R, Ceard L, Delaere C, du Pree T, Favart D, Forthomme L, Giammanco A, Hollar J, Lemaitre V, Liao J, Militaru O, Nuttens C, Pagano D, Pin A, Piotrzkowski K, Schul N, Garcia JMV, Beliy N, Caebergs T, Daubie E, Hammad GH, Alves GA, Martins MC, Damiao DD, Martins T, Pol ME, Souza MHG, Alda WL, Carvalho W, Custodio A, Da Costa EM, Martins CD, De Souza SF, Figueiredo DM, Mundim L, Nogima H, Oguri V, Da Silva WLP, Santoro A, Jorge LS, Sznajder A, Anjos TS, Bernardes CA, Dias FA, Tomei TRFP, Gregores EM, Lagana C, Marinho F, Mercadante PC, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Genchev V, Iaydjiev P, Piperov S, Rodozov M, Stoykova S, Sultanov G, Tcholakov V, Trayanov R, Vutova M, Dimitrov A, Hadjiiska R, Kozhuharov V, Litov L, Pavlov B, Petkov P, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Jiang CH, Liang D, Liang S, Meng X, Tao J, Wang J, Wang X, Wang Z, Xiao H, Xu M, Zang J, Zhang Z, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Ban Y, Guo Y, Li W, Liu S, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Teng H, Wang D, Zhang L, Zou W, Avila C, Gomez JP, Moreno BG, Oliveros AFO, Sanabria JC, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Plestina R, Polic D, Puljak I, Antunovic Z, Kovac M, Brigljevic V, Duric S, Kadija K, Luetic J, Morovic S, Attikis A, Galanti M, Mavromanolakis G, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Finger M, Finger M, Assran Y, Elgammal S, Kamel AE, Mahmoud MA, Radi A, Kadastik M, Muntel M, Raidal M, Rebane L, Tiko A, Eerola P, Fedi G, Voutilainen M, Harkonen J, Heikkinen A, Karimaki V, Kinnunen R, Kortelainen MJ, Lampen T, Lassila-Perini K, Lehti S, Linden T, Luukka P, Maenpaa T, Peltola T, Tuominen E, Tuominiemi J, Tuovinen E, Ungaro D, Wendland L, Banzuzi K, Karjalainen A, Korpela A, Tuuva T, Besancon M, Choudhury S, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Fabbro B, Faure JL, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Givernaud A, Gras P, de Monchenault GH, Jarry P, Locci E, Malcles J, Millischer L, Nayak A, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Shreyber I, Titov M, Baffioni S, Beaudette F, Benhabib L, Bianchini L, Bluj M, Broutin C, Busson P, Chariot C, Daci N, Dahms T, Dobrzynski L, de Cassagnac RG, Haguenauer M, Mine P, Mironov C, Naranjo IN, Nguyen M, Ochando C, Paganini P, Sabes D, Salerno R, Sirois Y, Veelken C, Zabi A, Agram JL, Andrea J, Bloch D, Bodin D, Brom JM, Cardaci M, Chabert EC, Collard C, Conte E, Drouhin F, Ferro C, Fontainem JC, Gele D, Goerlach U, Juillot P, Le Bihan AC, Van Hove P, Fassi F, Mercier D, Beauceron S, Beaupere N, Bondu O, Boudoul G, Chasserat J, Chierici R, Contardo D, Depasse P, El Mamouni H, Fay J, Gascon S, Gouzevitch M, Tile B, Kurca T, Lethuillier M, Mirabito L, Perries S, Sgandurra L, Sordini V, Tschudi Y, Verdier P, Viret S, Tsamalaidze Z, Anagnostou G, Autermann C, Beranek S, Edelhoff M, Feld L, Heracleous N, Hindrichs O, Jussen R, Klein K, Merz J, Ostapchuk A, Perieanu A, Raupach F, Sammet J, Schael S, Sprenger D, Weber H, Wittmer B, Zhukov V, Ata M, Caudron J, Dietz-Laursonn E, Duchardt D, Erdmann M, Fischer R, Guth A, Hebbeker T, Heidemann C, Hoepfner K, Klingebiel D, Kreuzer P, Merschmeyer M, Meyer A, Olschewski M, Papacz P, Pieta H, Reithler H, Schmitz SA, Sonnenschein L, Steggemann J, Teyssier D, Weber M, Bontenackels M, Cherepanov V, Erdogan Y, Flugge G, Geenen H, Geisler M, Ahmad WH, Hoehle F, Kargoll B, Kress T, Kuessel Y, Lingemann J, Nowack A, Perchalla L, Pooth O, Land PS, Stahl A, Martin MA, Behr J, Behrenhoff W, Behrens U, Bergholz M, Bethani A, Borras K, Burgmeier A, Cakir A, Calligaris L, Campbell A, Castro E, Costanza F, Dammann D, Pardos CD, Eckerlin G, Eckstein D, Flucke G, Geiser A, Glushkov I, Gunnellini P, Habib S, Hauk J, Hellwig G, Jung H, Kasemann M, Katsas P, Kleinwort C, Kluge H, Knutsson A, Kramer M, Krucker D, Kuznetsova E, Lange W, Lohmann W, Lutz B, Mankel R, Marfin I, Marienfeld M, Melzer-Pellmann IA, Meyer AB, Mnich J, Mussgiller A, Naumann-Emme S, Novgorodova O, Olzem J, Perrey H, Petrukhin A, Pitzl D, Raspereza A, Cipriano PMR, Riedl C, Ron E, Rosin M, Salfeld-Nebgen J, Schmidt R, Schoerner-Sadenius T, Sen N, Spiridonov A, Stein M, Walsh R, Wissing C, Blobel V, Draeger J, Enderle H, Erfle J, Gebbert U, Gorner M, Hermanns T, Hoing RS, Kaschube K, Kaussen G, Kirschenmann H, Klanner R, Lange J, Mura B, Nowak F, Peiffer T, Pietsch N, Rathjens D, Sander C, Schettler H, Schleper P, Schlieckau E, Schmidt A, Schroder M, Schum T, Seidel M, Sola V, Stadie H, Steinbruck G, Thomsen J, Vanelderen L, Barth C, Berger J, Boser C, Chwalek T, De Boer W, Descroix A, Dierlamm A, Feindt M, Guthoff M, Hackstein C, Hartmann F, Hauth T, Heinrich M, Held H, Hoffmann KH, Husemann U, Katkov I, Komaragiri JR, Pardo PL, Martschei D, Mueller S, Muller T, Niegel M, Nurnberg A, Oberst O, Oehler A, Ott J, Quast G, Rabbertz K, Ratnikov F, Ratnikova N, Rocker S, Schilling FP, Schott G, Simonis HJ, Stober FM, Troendle D, Ulrich R, Wagner-Kuhr J, Wayand S, Weiler T, Zeise M, Daskalakis G, Geralis T, Kesisoglou S, Kyriakis A, Loukas D, Manolakos I, Markou A, Markou C, Mavrommatis C, Ntomari E, Gouskos L, Mertzimekis TJ, Panagiotou A, Saoulidou N, Evangelou I, Foudas C, Kokkas P, Manthos N, Papadopoulos I, Patras V, Bencze G, Hajdu C, Hidas P, Horvath D, Sikler F, Veszpremi V, Vesztergombi G, Beni N, Czellar S, Molnar J, Palinkas J, Szillasi Z, Karancsi J, Raics P, Trocsanyi ZL, Ujvari B, Beri SB, Bhatnagar V, Dhingra N, Gupta R, Kaur M, Mehta MZ, Nishu N, Saini LK, Sharma A, Singh JB, Kumar A, Kumar A, Ahuja S, Bhardwaj A, Choudhary BC, Malhotra S, Naimuddin M, Ranjan K, Sharma V, Shivpuri RK, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya S, Dutta S, Comber B, Jain S, Jain S, Khurana R, Sarkar S, Sharan M, Abdulsalam A, Choudhury RK, Dutta D, Kailas S, Kumar V, Mehta P, Mohanty AK, Pant LM, Shukla P, Aziz T, Ganguly S, Guchait M, Maity M, Majumder G, Mazumdar K, Mohanty GB, Panda B, Sudhakar K, Wickramage N, Banerjee S, Dugad S, Arfaei H, Bakhshiansohi H, Etesami SM, Fahim A, Hashemi M, Hesari H, Jafari A, Khakzad M, Najafabadi MM, Mehdiabadi SP, Safarzadeh B, Zeinali M, Abbrescia M, Barbone L, Calabria C, Chhibra SS, Colaleo A, Creanza D, De Fiippis N, De Palma M, Fiore L, Iaselli G, Lusito L, Maggi G, Maggi M, Marangelli B, My S, Nuzzo S, Pacifico N, Pompili A, Pugliese G, Selvaggi G, Slivestris L, Singh G, Venditti R, Zito G, Abbiendi G, Benvenutia AC, Bonacorsi D, Braibant-Giacomelli S, Brigliadori L, Capthippi P, Castro A, Cavallo FR, Cufflani M, Dallavalle GM, Fabbri F, Fanfani A, Fasanella D, Giacomelli P, Grandi C, Guiducci L, Marcellini S, Masetti G, Meneghelli M, Montanari A, Navarria FL, Odorici F, Perrotta A, Primavera F, Rossi AM, Rovelli T, Siroli GP, Travaglini R, Albergo S, Cappello G, Chiorboli M, Costa S, Potenza R, Tricomi A, Tuve C, Barbagli G, Ciulli V, Civinini C, D'Alessandro R, Focardi E, Frosali S, Gallo E, Goizi S, Meschini M, Paoletti S, Sguazzoni G, Tropiano A, Benussi L, Bianco S, Colafranceschi S, Fabbri F, Piccolo D, Fabbricatore P, Musenich R, Tosi S, Benaglia A, De Guio F, Di Matteo L, Fiorendi S, Gennai S, Ghezzi A, Malvezzi S, Manzoni RA, Martelli A, Massironi A, Menasce D, Moroni L, Paganoni M, Pedrini D, Ragazzi S, Redaelli N, Sala S, de Fatis TT, Buontempo S, Montoya CAC, Cavallo N, De Cosa A, Dogangun O, Fabozzi F, Iorio AOM, Lista L, Meola S, Merola M, Paolucci P, Azzi P, Bacchetta N, Bellan P, Bisello D, Branca A, Carlin R, Checchia P, Dorigo T, Dosselli U, Gasparini F, Gasparini U, Gozzelino A, Kanishchev K, Lacaprara S, Lazzizzera I, Margoni M, Meneguzzo AT, Nespolo M, Pazzini J, Ronchese P, Simonetto F, Torassa E, Vanini S, Zotto P, Zumerle G, Gabusi M, Ratti SP, Riccardi C, Torre P, Vitulo P, Biasini M, Bilei GM, Fano L, Lariccia P, Mantovani G, Menichelli M, Nappi A, Romeo F, Saha A, Santocchia A, Spiezia A, Taroni S, Azzurri P, Bagliesi G, Bernardini J, Boccali T, Broccolo G, Castaldi R, D'Agnolo RT, Dell'Orso R, Fiori F, Foa L, Giassi A, Kraan A, Ligabue F, Lomtadze T, Martini L, Messineo A, Palla F, Rizzi A, Serban AT, Spagnolo P, Squillacioti P, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Venturi A, Verdini PC, Barone L, Cavallari F, Del Re D, Diemoz M, Fanelli C, Grassi M, Longo E, Meridiani P, Micheli F, Nourbakhsh S, Organtini G, Paramatti R, Rahatlou S, Sigamani M, Soffi L, Amapane N, Arcidiacono R, Argiro S, Arneodo M, Biino C, Cartiglia N, Costa M, Demaria N, Mariotti C, Maselli S, Migliore E, Monaco V, Musich M, Obertino MM, Pastrone N, Pelliccioni M, Potenza A, Romero A, Ruspa M, Sacchi R, Solano A, Staiano A, Pereira AV, Belforte S, Candelise V, Casarsa M, Cossutti F, Della Ricca G, Gobbo B, Marone M, Montanino D, Penzo A, Schizzi A, Heo SG, Kim TY, Nam SK, Chang S, Kim DH, Kim GN, Kong DJ, Park H, Ro SR, Son DC, Son T, Kim JY, Kim ZJ, Song S, Choi S, Gyun D, Hong B, Jo M, Kim H, Kim TJ, Lee KS, Moon DH, Park SK, Choi M, Kim JH, Park C, Park IC, Park S, Ryu G, Cho Y, Choi Y, Choi YK, Goh J, Kim MS, Kwon E, Lee B, Lee J, Lee S, Seo H, Yu I, Bilinskas MJ, Grigelionis I, Janulis M, Juodagalvis A, Castilla-Valdez H, De La Cruz-Burelo E, Heredia-de La Cruz I, Lopez-Fernandez R, Villalba RM, Martinez-Ortega J, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Villasenor-Cendejas LM, Moreno SC, Valencia FV, Ibarguen HAS, Linares EC, Pineda AM, Reyes-Santos MA, Krofcheck D, Bell AJ, Butler PH, Doesburg R, Reucroft S, Silverwood H, Ahmad M, Ansari MH, Asghar MI, Hoorani HR, Khalid S, Khan WA, Khurshid T, Qazi S, Shah MA, Shoaib M, Bialkowska H, Boimska B, Frueboes T, Gokieli R, Gorski M, Kazana M, Nawrocki K, Romanowska-Rybinska K, Szleper M, Wrochna G, Zalewski P, Brona G, Bunkowski K, Cwiok M, Dominik W, Doroba K, Kalinowski A, Konecki M, Krolikowski J, Almeida N, Bargassa P, David A, Faccioli P, Parracho PCF, Gallinaro M, Seixas J, Varela J, Vischia P, Bunin P, Gavrilenko M, Golutvin I, Karjavin V, Konoplyanikov V, Kozlov G, Laney A, Malakhov A, Moisenz P, Palichik V, Perelygin V, Savina M, Shmatov S, Shulha S, Smirnov V, Volodko A, Zarubin A, Evstyukhin S, Golovtsov V, Ivanov Y, Kim V, Levchenko P, Murzin V, Oreshkin V, Smirnov I, Sulimov V, Uvarov L, Vavilov S, Vorobyev A, Vorobyev A, Andreev Y, Dermenev A, Gninenko S, Golubev N, Kirsanov M, Krasnikov N, Matveev V, Pashenkov A, Tlisov D, Toropin A, Epshteyn V, Erofeeva M, Gavrilov V, Kossov M, Lychkovskaya N, Popov V, Safronov G, Semenov S, Stolin V, Vlasov E, Zhokin A, Belyaev A, Boos E, Dubinin M, Dudko L, Ershov A, Gribushin A, Klyukhin V, Kodolova O, Lokhtin I, Markina A, Obraztsov S, Perfilov M, Petrushanko S, Popov A, Sarycheva L, Savrin V, Snigirev A, Andreev V, Azarkin M, Dremin I, Kirakosyan M, Leonidov A, Mesyats G, Rusakov SV, Vinogradov A, Azhgirey I, Bayshev I, Bitioukov S, Grishin V, Kachanov V, Konstantinov D, Krychkine V, Petrov V, Ryutin R, Sobol A, Tourtchanovitch L, Troshin S, Tyurin N, Uzunian A, Volkov A, Adzic P, Djordjevic M, Ekmedzic M, Krpic D, Milosevic J, Aguilar-Benitez M, Maestre JA, Arce P, Battilana C, Calvo E, Cerrada M, Llatas MC, Colino N, De La Cruz B, Peris AD, Vazquez DD, Bedoya CF, Ramos JPF, Ferrando A, Flix J, Fouz MC, Garcia-Abia P, Lopez OG, Lopez SG, Hernandez JM, Josa MI, Merino G, Pelayo JP, Olmeda AQ, Redondo I, Romero L, Santaolalla J, Soares MS, Willmott C, Albajar C, Codispoti G, de Troconiz JF, Brun H, Cuevas J, Menendez JF, Folgueras S, Caballero IG, Iglesias LL, Gomez JP, Cifuentes JAB, Cabrillo IJ, Calderon A, Chuang SH, Campderros JD, Felcini M, Fernandez M, Gomez G, Sanchez JG, Graziano A, Jorda C, Virto AL, Marco J, Marco R, Rivero CM, Matorras F, Sanchez FJM, Rodrigo T, Rodriguez-Marrero AY, Ruiz-Jimeno A, Scodellaro L, Vila I, Cortabitarte RV, Abbaneo D, Auffray E, Auzinger G, Bachtis M, Baillon P, Ball AH, Barney D, Benitez JF, Bernet C, Bianchi G, Bloch P, Bocci A, Bonato A, Botta C, Breuker H, Camporesi T, Cerminara G, Christiansen T, Perez JAC, D'Enterria D, Dabrowski A, De Roeck A, Di Guida S, Dobson M, Dupont-Sagorin N, Elliott-Peisert A, Frisch B, Funk W, Georgiou G, Giffels M, Gigi D, Gill K, Giordano D, Girone M, Giunta M, Glege F, Garrido RGR, Govoni P, Gowdy S, Guida R, 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A, La JP, Pesaresi M, Petridis K, Pioppi M, Raymond DM, Rogerson S, Rose A, Ryan MJ, Seez C, Sharp P, Sparrow A, Stoye M, Tapper A, Acosta MV, Virdee T, Wakefield S, Wardle N, Whyntie T, Chadwick M, Cole JE, Hobson PR, Khan A, Kyberd P, Leggat D, Leslie D, Martin W, Reid ID, Symonds P, Teodorescu L, Turner M, Hatakeyama K, Liu H, Scarborough T, Charaf O, Henderson C, Rumerio P, Avetisyan A, Bose T, Fantasia C, Heister A, St John J, Lawson P, Lazic D, Rohlf J, Sperka D, Sulak L, Alimena J, Bhattacharya S, Cutts D, Demiragli Z, Ferapontov A, Heintz U, Jabeen S, Kukartsev G, Laird E, Landsberg G, Luk M, Narain M, Nguyen D, La MS, Sinthuprasith T, Speer T, Tsang KV, Breedon R, Breto G, Sanchez MCDLB, Chauhan S, Chertok M, Conway J, Conway R, Cox PT, Do Len J, Erbacher R, Gardner M, Houtz R, Ko W, Kopecky A, Lander R, Mall O, Miceli T, Pellett D, Ricci-Tam F, Rutherford B, Searle M, Smith J, Squires M, Tripathi M, Sierra RV, Yohay R, Andreev V, Cline D, Cousins R, Duris J, Erhan S, Everaerts P, Farrell C, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Jarvis C, Plager C, Rakness G, Schlein P, Traczyk P, Valuev V, Weber M, Babb J, Clare R, Dinardo ME, Ellison J, Gary JW, Giordano F, Hanson G, Jeng GY, Liu H, Long OR, Luthra A, Nguyen H, Paramesvaran S, Sturdy J, Sumowidagdo S, Wilken R, Wimpenny S, Andrews W, Branson JG, Cerati GB, Cittolin S, Evans D, Golf F, Holzner A, Kelley R, Lebourgeois M, Letts J, Macneill I, Mangano B, Padhi S, Palmer C, Petrucciani G, Pieri M, Sani M, Sharma V, Simon S, Sudano E, Tadel M, Tu Y, Vartak A, Wasserbaech S, Wuerthwein F, Yagil A, Yoo J, Barge D, Bellan R, Campagnari C, D'Alfonso M, Danielson T, Flowers K, Geffert P, Incandela J, Justus C, Kalavase P, Koay SA, Kovalskyi D, Krutelyov V, Lowette S, Mccoll N, Pavlunin V, Rebassoo F, Ribnik J, Richman J, Rossin R, Stuart D, To W, West C, Apresyan A, Bornheim A, Chen Y, Di Marco E, Duarte J, Gataullin M, Ma Y, Mott A, Newman HB, Rogan C, Spiropulu M, Timciuc V, Veverka J, Wilkinson R, Xie S, Yang Y, Zhu RY, Akgun B, Azzolini V, Calamba A, Carroll R, Ferguson T, Iiyama Y, Jang DW, Liu YF, Paulini M, Vogel H, Vorobiev I, Cumalat JP, Drell BR, Ford WT, Gaz A, Lopez EL, Smith JG, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Alexander J, Chatterjee A, Eggert N, Gibbons LK, Heltsley B, Khukhunaishvili A, Kreis B, Mirman N, Kaufman GN, Patterson JR, Ryd A, Salvati E, Sun W, Teo WD, Thom J, Thompson J, Tucker J, Vaughan J, Weng Y, Winstrom L, Wittich P, Winn D, Abdullin S, Albrow M, Anderson J, Bauerdick LAT, Beretvas A, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Bloch I, Burkett K, Butler JN, Chetluru V, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Elvira VD, Fisk I, Freeman J, Gao Y, Green D, Gutsche O, Hanlon J, Harris RM, Hirschauer J, Hooberman B, Jindariani S, Johnson M, Joshi U, Kilminster B, Klima B, Kunori S, Kwan S, Leonidopoulos C, Linacre J, Lincoln D, Lipton R, Lykken J, Maeshima K, Marraffino JM, Maruyama S, Mason D, McBride P, Mishra K, Mrenna S, Musienko Y, Newman-Holmes C, O'Dell V, Prokofyev O, Sexton-Kennedy E, Sharma S, Spalding WJ, Spiegel L, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Tran NV, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Vidal R, Whitmore J, Wu W, Yang F, Yumiceva F, Yun JC, Acosta D, Avery P, Bourilkov D, Chen M, Cheng T, Das S, De Gruttola M, Di Giovanni GP, Dobur D, Drozdetskiy A, Field RD, Fisher M, Fu Y, Furic IK, Gartner J, Hugon J, Kim B, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Kropivnitskaya A, Kypreos T, Low JF, Matchev K, Milenovic P, Mitselmakher G, Muniz L, Park M, Remington R, Rinkevicius A, Sellers P, Skhirtladze N, Snowball M, Yelton J, Zakaria M, Gaultney V, Hewamanage S, Lebolo LM, Linn S, Markowitz P, Martinez G, Rodriguez JL, Adams T, Askew A, Bochenek J, Chen J, Diamond B, Gleyzer SV, Haas J, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Jenkins M, Johnson KF, Prosper H, Veeraraghavan V, Weinberg M, Baarmand MM, Dorney B, Hohlmann M, Kalakhety H, Vodopiyanov I, Adams MR, Anghel IM, Apanasevich L, Bai Y, Bazterra VE, Betts RR, Bucinskaite I, Callner J, Cavanaugh R, Evdokimov O, Gauthier L, Gerber CE, Hofman DJ, Khalatyan S, Lacroix F, Malek M, O'Brien C, Silkworth C, Strom D, Turner P, Varelas N, Akgun U, Albayrak EA, Bilki B, Clarida W, Duru F, Merlo JP, Mermerkaya H, Mestvirishvili A, Moeller A, Nachtman J, Newsom CR, Norbeck E, Onel Y, Ozok F, Sen S, Tan P, Tiras E, Wetzel J, Yetkin T, Yi K, Barnett BA, Blumenfeld B, Bolognesi S, Fehling D, Giurgiu G, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Hu G, Maksimovic P, Rappoccio S, Swartz M, Whitbeck A, Baringer P, Bean A, Benelli G, Iii RPK, Murray M, Noonan D, Sanders S, Stringer R, Tinti G, Wood JS, Zhukova V, Barfuss AF, Bolton T, Chakaberia I, Ivanov A, Khalil S, Makouski M, Maravin Y, Shrestha S, Svintradze I, Gronberg J, Lange D, Wright D, Baden A, Boutemeur M, Calvert B, Eno SC, Gomez JA, Hadley NJ, Kellogg RG, Kim M, Kolberg T, Lu Y, Marionneau M, Mignerey AC, Pedro K, Peterman A, Skuja A, Temple J, Tonjes MB, Tonwar SC, Twedt E, Apyan A, Bauer G, Bendavid J, Busza W, Butz E, Cali IA, Chan M, Dutta V, Ceballos GG, Goncharov M, Hahn KA, Kim Y, Klute M, Krajczar K, Luckey PD, Ma T, Nahn S, Paus C, Ralph D, Roland C, Roland G, Rudolph M, Stephans GSF, Stoeckli F, Sumorok K, Sung K, Velicanu D, Wenger EA, Wolf R, Wyslouch B, Yang M, Yilmaz Y, Yoon AS, Zanetti M, Cooper SI, Dahmes B, De Benedetti A, Franzoni G, Gude A, Kao SC, Klapoetke K, Kubota Y, Mans J, Pastika N, Rusack R, Sasseville M, Singovsky A, Tambe N, Turkewitz J, Cremaldi LM, Kroeger R, Perera L, Rahmat R, Sanders DA, Avdeeva E, Bloom K, Bose S, Butt J, Claes DR, Dominguez A, Eads M, Keller J, Kravchenko I, Lazo-Flores J, Malbouisson H, Malik S, Snow GR, Godshalk A, Iashvili I, Jain S, Kharchilava A, Kumar A, Alverson G, Barberis E, Baumgartel D, Chasco M, Haley J, Nash D, Trocino D, Wood D, Zhang J, Anastassov A, Kubik A, Mucia N, Odell N, Ofierzynski RA, Pollack B, Pozdnyakov A, Schmitt M, Stoynev S, Velasco M, Won S, Antonelli L, Berry D, Brinkerhoff A, Chan KM, Hildreth M, Jessop C, Karmgard DJ, Kolb J, Lannon K, Luo W, Lynch S, Marinelli N, Morse DM, Pearson T, Planer M, Ruchti R, Slaunwhite J, Valls N, Wayne M, Wolf M, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Hill C, Hughes R, Kotov K, Ling TY, Puigh D, Rodenburg M, Vuosalo C, Williams G, Winer BL, Adam N, Berry E, Elmer P, Gerbaudo D, Halyo V, Hebda P, Hegeman J, Hunt A, Jindal P, Pegna DL, Lujan P, Marlow D, Medvedeva T, Mooney M, Olsen J, Piroue P, Quan X, Raval A, Safdi B, Saka H, Stickland D, Tully C, Werner JS, Zuranski A, Brownson E, Lopez A, Mendez H, Vargas JER, Alagoz E, Barnes VE, Benedetti D, Lla GB, Bortoletto D, De Mattia M, Everett A, Hu Z, Jones M, Koybasi O, Kress M, Laasanen AT, Leonardo N, Maroussov V, Merkel P, Miller DH, Neumeister N, Shipsey I, Silvers D, Svyatkovskiy A, Marono MV, Yoo HD, Zablocki J, Zheng Y, Guragain S, Parashar N, Adair A, Boulahouache C, Ecklund KM, Geurts FJM, Li W, Ley BPP, Redjimi R, Roberts J, Zabel J, Betchart B, Bodek A, Chung YS, Covarelli R, De Barbaro P, Demina R, Eshaq Y, Ferbel T, Garcia-Bellido A, Goldenzweig P, Han J, Hard A, Miner DC, Vishnevskiy D, Zielinski M, Bhatti A, Ciesielski R, Demortier L, Goulianos K, Lungu G, Malik S, Mesropian C, Arora S, Barker A, Chou JP, Contreras-Campana C, Contreras-Campana E, Duggan D, Ferencek D, Gershtein Y, Gray R, Halkiadakis E, Hidas D, Lath A, Panwalkar S, Park M, Patel R, Rekovic V, Robles J, Rose K, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Seitz C, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Cerizza G, Hollingsworth M, Spanier S, Yang ZC, York A, Eusebi R, Flanagan W, Gilmore J, Kamon T, Khotilovich V, Montalvo R, Osipenkov I, Pakhotin Y, Perloff A, Roe J, Safonov A, Sakuma T, Sengupta S, Suarez I, Tatarinov A, Toback D, Akchurin N, Damgov J, Dragoiu C, Dudero PR, Jeong C, Kovitanggoon K, Lee SW, Libeiro T, Roh Y, Volobouev I, Appelt E, Delannoy AG, Florez C, Greene S, Gurrola A, Johns W, Kurt P, Maguire C, Melo A, Sharma M, Sheldon P, Snook B, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Arenton MW, Balazs M, Boutle S, Cox B, Francis B, Goodell J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Lin C, Neu C, Wood J, Gollapinni S, Harr R, Karchin PE, Don CKK, Lamichhane P, Sakharov A, Sakharov A, Anderson M, Belknap D, Borrello L, Carlsmith D, Cepeda M, Dasu S, Friis E, Gray L, Grogg KS, Grothe M, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Herve A, Klabbers P, Klukas J, Lanaro A, Lazaridis C, Leonard J, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Ojalvo I, Palmonari F, Pierro GA, Ross I, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J
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Search for supersymmetry in final states with missing transverse energy and 0, 1, 2, or >= 3 b-quark jets in 7 TeV pp collisions using the variable alpha(T)
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 2013 JAN; ?(1):? Article 077
A search for supersymmetry in final states with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. In this search, a dimensionless kinematic variable, alpha(T), is used as the main discriminator between events with genuine and misreconstructed missing transverse energy. The search is performed in a signal region that is binned in the scalar sum of the transverse energy of jets and the number of jets identified as originating from a bottom quark. No excess of events over the standard model expectation is found. Exclusion limits are set in the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, and also in simplified models, with a special emphasis on compressed spectra and third-generation scenarios.
Farazi Thalia A, Hoell Jessica I, Morozov Pavel, Tuschl Thomas
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MicroRNAs in Human Cancer.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2013 2013; 774(?):1-20
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules of 20-23-nucleotide (nt) length that control gene expression in many cellular processes. These molecules typically reduce the translation and stability of mRNAs, including those of genes that mediate processes in tumorigenesis, such as inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and invasion. miRNA targeting is initiated through specific base-pairing interactions between the 5' end ("seed" region) of the miRNA and sites within coding and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs; target sites in the 3' UTR lead to more effective mRNA destabilization. Since miRNAs frequently target hundreds of mRNAs, miRNA regulatory pathways are complex. To provide a critical overview of miRNA dysregulation in cancer, we first discuss the methods currently available for studying the role of miRNAs in cancer and then review miRNA genomic organization, biogenesis, and mechanism of target recognition, examining how these processes are altered in tumorigenesis. Given the critical role miRNAs play in tumorigenesis processes and their disease specific expression, they hold potential as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers.
Spellicy Catherine J, Kosten Thomas R, Hamon Sara C, Harding Mark J, Nielsen David A
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ANKK1 and DRD2 pharmacogenetics of disulfiram treatment for cocaine abuse.
Pharmacogenetics and genomics 2013 2013-Jul; 23(7):333-40
OBJECTIVE: Disulfiram is a potential cocaine addiction pharmacotherapy. Since dopamine deficiency has been found with cocaine addiction, our objective was to examine whether functional variants in the ankyrin repeat and kinase domain-containing 1 (ANKK1) and/or the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) genes interact with response to treatment with disulfiram. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cocaine and opioid codependent (DSM-IV) patients were stabilized on methadone and subsequently randomized into treatment groups - disulfiram (250 mg/day, N=31) or placebo (N=37). They were genotyped for ANKK1 (rs1800497) and DRD2 (rs2283265) polymorphisms, and the data were evaluated for an association between a cocaine-free state, as assessed by cocaine-free urine samples, and disulfiram treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance corrected for population structure. RESULTS: Patients with CT or TT ANKK1 genotypes dropped from 80 to 52% cocaine-positive urines on disulfiram (N=13; P?0.0001), whereas those on placebo (N=20) showed no treatment effect. Patients carrying the CC ANKK1 genotype showed no effect on treatment with disulfiram (N=18) or placebo (N=17). The GT/TT DRD2 genotype group showed a significant decrease in the number of cocaine-positive urine samples on disulfiram (N=9; 67-48%; P?0.0001), whereas the GG DRD2 genotype group showed only a marginal decrease (N=23; 84-63%; P=0.04). Genotype pattern analysis revealed that individuals carrying at least one minor allele in either gene responded better to disulfiram treatment (N=13; P?0.0001) compared with individuals carrying only the major alleles (N=17). CONCLUSION: A patient's genotype for ANKK1, DRD2, or both, may be used to identify individuals for whom disulfiram may be an effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence.
Jurow M, Varotto A, Manichev V, Travlou NA, Giannakoudakis DA, Drain CM
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Self-organized nanostructured materials of alkylated phthalocyanines and underivatized C-60 on ITO
RSC ADVANCES 2013; 3(44):21360-21364
Clicking thiols onto a core fluorous phthalocyanine (Pc) platform yields alkyl and fluoroalkyl derivatives. The Zn(II) Pc with 16 thioalkanes self-organizes with fullerene C-60 into nearly monodispersed nanoparticles when cast on ITO surfaces. Particle size and surface density is controlled by varying the Pc/fullerene ratio and concentration. Fluorescence quenching indicates electronic interaction between the component molecules in the films of nanoparticles. The strong supramolecular interactions between the Pc with 8 or 16 fluorous alkanes inhibit incorporation of the fullerene.
Tsou LK, Dossa PD, Hang HC
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Small molecules aimed at type III secretion systems to inhibit bacterial virulence
MEDCHEMCOMM 2013 JAN; 4(1):68-79
The development of new anti-bacterial compounds presents a major challenge to modern medicine as bacterial strains resistant to traditional antibiotics are constantly emerging. Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential for virulence mechanisms of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and have therefore emerged as an attractive target for small molecule anti-virulence therapeutics. This has led to several high-throughput screens in search for specific chemicals that inhibit the secretion and translocation of bacterial effector proteins. Several classes of small molecules have now been identified from these screens and this review focuses on their discovery and discusses their potential mechanisms of action and prospects for clinical development.
Weixlbaumer A, Leon K, Landick R, Darst SA
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Structural Basis of Transcriptional Pausing in Bacteria
CELL 2013 JAN 31; 152(3):431-441
Transcriptional pausing by multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is a prerequisite for transcription termination. Pausing and termination states are thought to arise through a common, elemental pause state that is inhibitory for nucleotide addition. We report three crystal structures of Thermus RNAP elemental paused elongation complexes (ePECs). The structures reveal the same relaxed, open-clamp RNAP conformation in the ePEC that may arise by failure to re-establish DNA contacts during translocation. A kinked bridge-helix sterically blocks the RNAP active site, explaining how this conformation inhibits RNAP catalytic activity. Our results provide a framework for understanding how RNA hairpin formation stabilizes the paused state and how the ePEC intermediate facilitates termination.
Billerbeck E, de Jong Y, Dorner M, de la Fuente C, Ploss A
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Animal Models for Hepatitis C
HEPATITIS C VIRUS: FROM MOLECULAR VIROLOGY TO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY 2013; 369(?):49-86
Hepatitis C remains a global epidemic. Approximately 3 % of the world's population suffers from chronic hepatitis C, which is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV)-a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. HCV has a high propensity for establishing a chronic infection. If untreated chronic HCV carriers can develop severe liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antiviral treatment is only partially effective, costly, and poorly tolerated. A prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine for HCV does not exist. Mechanistic studies of virus-host interactions, HCV immunity, and pathogenesis as well as the development of more effective therapies have been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. Besides humans, chimpanzees are the only species that is naturally susceptible to HCV infection. While experimentation in these large primates has yielded valuable insights, ethical considerations, limited availability, genetic heterogeneity, and cost limit their utility. In search for more tractable small animal models, numerous experimental approaches have been taken to recapitulate parts of the viral life cycle and/or aspects of viral pathogenesis that will be discussed in this review. Exciting new models and improvements in established models hold promise to further elucidate our understanding of chronic HCV infection.