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Found 37769 matches. Displaying 5251-5260
Bettayeb K, Hooli BV, Parrado AR, Randolph L, Varotsis D, Aryal S, Gresack J, Tanzi RE, Greengard P, Flajolet M
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Relevance of the COPI complex for Alzheimer's disease progression in vivo
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2016 MAY 10; 113(19):5418-5423
Cellular trafficking and recycling machineries belonging to late secretory compartments have been associated with increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We have shown that coat protein complex I (COPI)-dependent trafficking, an early step in Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum retrograde transport, affects amyloid precursor protein subcellular localization, cell-surface expression, as well as its metabolism. We present here a set of experiments demonstrating that, by targeting subunit d-COP function, the moderation of the COPI-dependent trafficking in vivo leads to a significant decrease in amyloid plaques in the cortex and hippocampus of neurological 17 mice crossed with the 2xTg AD mouse model. Remarkably, an improvement of the memory impairments was also observed. Importantly, human genetic association studies of different AD cohorts led to the identification of 12 SNPs and 24 mutations located in COPI genes linked to an increased AD risk. These findings further demonstrate in vivo the importance of early trafficking steps in AD pathogenesis and open new clinical perspectives.
Liu J, Deng SL, Wang H, Ye J, Wu HW, Sun HX, Chua NH
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CURLY LEAF Regulates Gene Sets Coordinating Seed Size and Lipid Biosynthesis
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016 MAY; 171(1):424-436
CURLY LEAF (CLF), a histone methyltransferase of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) for trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 27 (H3K27me3), has been thought as a negative regulator controlling mainly postgermination growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Approximately 14% to 29% of genic regions are decorated by H3K27me3 in the Arabidopsis genome; however, transcriptional repression activities of PRC2 on a majority of these regions remain unclear. Here, by analysis of transcriptome profiles, we found that approximately 11.6% genes in the Arabidopsis genome were repressed by CLF in various organs. Unexpectedly, approximately 54% of these genes were preferentially repressed in siliques. Further analyses of 118 transcriptome datasets uncovered a group of genes that was preferentially expressed and repressed by CLF in embryos at the mature-green stage. This observation suggests that CLF mediates a large-scale H3K27me3 programming/reprogramming event during embryonic development. Plants of clf-28 produced bigger and heavier seeds with higher oil content, larger oil bodies, and altered long-chain fatty acid composition compared with wild type. Around 46% of CLF-repressed genes were associated with H3K27me3 marks; moreover, we verified histone modification and transcriptional repression by CLF on regulatory genes. Our results suggest that CLF silences specific gene expression modules. Genes operating within a module have various molecular functions, but they cooperate to regulate a similar physiological function during embryo development.
Singhvi A, Liu BQ, Friedman CJ, Fong J, Lu Y, Huang XY, Shaham S
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A Glial K/Cl Transporter Controls Neuronal Receptive Ending Shape by Chloride Inhibition of an rGC
CELL 2016 MAY 5; 165(4):936-948
Neurons receive input from the outside world or from other neurons through neuronal receptive endings (NREs). Glia envelop NREs to create specialized microenvironments; however, glial functions at these sites are poorly understood. Here, we report a molecular mechanism by which glia control NRE shape and associated animal behavior. The C. elegans AMsh glial cell ensheathes the NREs of 12 neurons, including the thermosensory neuron AFD. KCC-3, a K/Cl transporter, localizes specifically to a glial microdomain surrounding AFD receptive ending microvilli, where it regulates K+ and Cl- levels. We find that Cl- ions function as direct inhibitors of an NRE-localized receptor-guanylyl-cyclase, GCY-8, which synthesizes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). High cGMP mediates the effects of glial KCC-3 on AFD shape by antagonizing the actin regulator WSP-1/NWASP. Components of this pathway are broadly expressed throughout the nervous system, suggesting that ionic regulation of the NRE microenvironment may be a conserved mechanism by which glia control neuron shape and function.
Sterling ME, Chang GQ, Karatayev O, Chang SY, Leibowitz SF
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Effects of embryonic ethanol exposure at low doses on neuronal development, voluntary ethanol consumption and related behaviors in larval and adult zebrafish: Role of hypothalamic orexigenic peptides
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2016 MAY 1; 604(?):125-138
Embryonic exposure to ethanol is known to affect neurochemical systems in rodents and increase alcohol drinking and related behaviors in humans and rodents. With zebrafish emerging as a powerful tool for uncovering neural mechanisms of numerous diseases and exhibiting similarities to rodents, the present report building,on our rat studies examined in zebrafish the effects of embryonic ethanol exposure on hypothalamic neurogenesis, expression of orexigenic neuropeptides, and voluntary ethanol consumption and locomotor behaviors in larval and adult zebrafish, and also effects of central neuropeptide injections on these behaviors affected by ethanol. At 24 h post-fertilization, zebrafish embryos were exposed for 2 h to ethanol, at low concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5%, in the tank water. Embryonic ethanol compared to control dose-dependently increased hypothalamic neurogenesis and the proliferation and expression of the orexigenic peptides, galanin (GAL) and orexin (OX), in the anterior hypothalamus. These changes in hypothalamic peptide neurons were accompanied by an increase in voluntary consumption of 10% ethanol-gelatin and in novelty-induced locomotor and exploratory behavior in adult zebrafish and locomotor activity in larvae. After intracerebroventricular injection, these peptides compared to vehicle had specific effects on these behaviors altered by ethanol, with GAL stimulating consumption of 10% ethanol-gelatin more than plain gelatin food and OX stimulating novelty-induced locomotor behavior while increasing intake of food and ethanol equally. These results, similar to those obtained in rats, suggest that the ethanol-induced increase in genesis and expression of these hypothalamic peptide neurons contribute to the behavioral changes induced by embryonic exposure to ethanol. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Bergauer T, Dragicevic M, Ero J, Friedl M, Fruhwirth R, Ghete VM, Hartl C, Hormann N, Hrubec J, Jeitler M, Kiesenhofer W, Knunz V, Krammer M, Kratschmer I, Liko D, Mikulec I, Rabady D, Rahbaran B, Rohringer H, Schobeck R, Strauss J, Treberer-Treberspurg W, Waltenberger W, Wulz CE, Mossolov V, Shumeiko N, Gonzalez JS, Alderweireldt S, Bansal S, Cornelis T, De Wolf EA, Janssen X, Knutsson A, Lauwers J, Luyckx S, Ochesanu S, Rougny R, Van De Klundert M, Van Haevermaet H, Van Mechelen R, Van Remortel N, Van Spilbeeck A, Blekman F, Blyweert S, D'Hondt J, Daci N, Heracleous N, Keaveney J, Lowette S, Maes M, Olbrechts A, Python Q, Strom D, Tavernier S, Van Doninck W, Van Mulders R, Van Onsem GP, Villella I, Caillol C, Clerbaux B, De Lentdecker G, Dobur D, Favart L, Gay APR, Grebenyuk A, Leonard A, Mohammadi A, Pernie L, Randle-Conde A, Reis T, Seva T, Thomas L, Velde V, Vanlaer R, Wang J, Zenoni F, Adler V, Beernaert K, Benucci L, Cimmino A, Costantini S, Crucy S, Fagot A, Garcia G, Mccartin J, Rios AAO, Poyraz D, Ryckbosch D, Diblen SS, Sigamani M, Strobbe N, Thyssen F, Tytgat M, Yazgan E, Zaganidis N, Basegmez S, Beluffi C, Bruno G, Castello R, Caudron A, Ceard L, Da Silveira GG, Delaere C, du Pree T, Favart D, Forthomme L, Giammanco A, Hollar J, Jafari A, Jez R, Komm M, Lemaitre V, Nuttens C, Pagano D, Perrini L, Pin A, Piotrzkowski K, Popov A, Quertenmont L, Selvaggi M, Marono MV, Garcia JMV, Beliy N, Caebergs T, Daubie E, Hammad GH, Alda WL, Alves GA, Brito L, Martins MC, Martins TDR, Molina J, Herrera CM, Pol ME, Teles RR, Carvalho W, Chinellato J, Custodio A, Da Costa EM, Damiao DDJ, Martins CDO, De Souza SF, Malbouisson H, Figueiredo DM, Mundim L, Nogima H, Da Silva WLP, Santaolalla J, Santoro A, Sznajder A, Manganote EJT, Pereira AV, Bernardes CA, Dogra S, Tomei TRFP, Gregores EM, Mercadante PG, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Aleksandrov A, Genchev V, Hadjiiska R, Iaydjiev R, Marinov A, Piperov S, Rodozov M, Stoykova S, Sultanov G, Vutova M, Dimitrov A, Glushkov I, Litov L, Pavlov B, Petkov R, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen M, Cheng T, Du R, Jiang CH, Plestina R, Romeo F, Tao J, Wang Z, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Ban Y, Liu S, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Wang D, Xu Z, Zhang L, Zou W, Avila C, Cabrera A, Sierra LFC, Florez C, Gomez JP, Moreno BG, Sanabria JC, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Polic D, Puljak I, Antunovic Z, Kovac M, Brigljevic V, Kadija K, Luetic J, Mekterovic D, Sudic L, Attikis A, Mavromanolakis G, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Rykaczewski H, Bodlak M, Finger M, Finger M, Assran Y, Kamel AE, Mahmoud MA, Radi A, Kadastik M, Murumaa M, Raidal M, Tiko A, Eerola R, Voutilainen M, Harkonen J, Karimaki V, Kinnunen R, Kortelainen MJ, Lampen T, Lassila-Perini K, Lehti S, Linden T, Luukka R, Maenpaa T, Peltola T, Tuominen E, Tuominiemi J, Tuovinen E, Wendland L, Talvitie J, Tuuva T, Besancon M, Couderc F, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Fabbro B, Faure JL, Favaro C, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Givernaud A, Gras R, de Monchenault GH, Jarry R, Locci E, Malcles J, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Titov M, Baffioni S, Beaudette F, Busson R, Chapon E, Charlot C, Dahms T, Dalchenko M, Dobrzynski L, Filipovic N, Florent A, de Cassagnac RG, Mastrolorenzo L, Mine R, Naranjo IN, Nguyen M, Ochando C, Ortona G, Paganini R, Regnard S, Salerno R, Sauvan JB, Sirois Y, Veelken C, Yilmaz Y, Zabi A, Agram JL, Andrea J, Aubin A, Bloch D, Brom JM, Chabert EC, Collard C, Conte E, Fontaine JC, Gele D, Goerlach U, Goetzmann C, Le Bihan AC, Skovpen K, Van Hove R, Gadrat S, Beauceron S, Beaupere N, Bernet C, Boudou G, Bouvier E, Brochet S, Montoya CAC, Chasserat J, Chierici R, Contardo D, Courbon B, Depasse R, El Mamouni H, Fan J, Fay J, Gascon S, Gouzevitch M, Ille B, Kurca T, Lethuillier M, Mirabito L, Pequegnot AL, Perries S, Alvarez JDR, Sabes D, Sgandurra L, Sordini V, Donckt MV, Verdier R, Viret S, Xiao H, Tsamalaidze Z, Autermann C, Beranek S, Bontenackels M, Edelhoff M, Feld L, Heister A, Klein K, Lipinski M, Ostapchuk A, Preuten M, Raupach F, Sammet J, Schael S, Schulte JF, Weber H, Wittmer B, Zhukov V, Ata M, Brodski M, Dietz-Laursonn E, Duchardt D, Erdmann M, Fischer R, Guth A, Hebbeker T, Heidemann C, Hoepfner K, Klingebiel D, Knutzen S, Kreuzer R, Merschmeyer M, Meyer A, Millet R, Olschewski M, Padeken K, Papacz R, Reithler H, Schmitz SA, Sonnenschein L, Teyssier D, Thuer S, Cherepanov V, Erdogan Y, Flugge G, Geenen H, Geisler M, Ahmad WH, Hoehle F, Kargoll B, Kress T, Kuessel Y, Kunsken A, Lingemann J, Nowack A, Nugent IM, Pistone C, Pooth O, Stahl A, Martin MA, Asin I, Bartosik N, Behr J, Behrens U, Bell AJ, Bethani A, Borras K, Burgmeier A, Cakir A, Calligaris L, Campbell A, Choudhury S, Costanza F, Pardos CD, Dolinska G, Dooling S, Dorland T, Eckerlin G, Eckstein D, Eichhorn T, Flucke G, Garcia JG, Geiser A, Gizhko A, Gunnellini R, Hauk J, Hempel M, Jung H, Kalogeropoulos A, Karacheban O, Kasemann M, Katsas R, Kieseler J, Kleinwort C, Korol I, Krucker D, Lange W, Leonard J, Lipka K, Lobanov A, Lohmann W, Lutz B, Mankel R, Marfin I, Melzer-Pellmann IA, Meyer AB, Mittag G, Mnich J, Mussgiller A, Naumann-Emme S, Nayak A, Ntomari E, Perrey H, Pitzl D, Placakyte R, Raspereza A, Cipriano PMR, Roland B, Ron E, Sahin MO, Salfeld-Nebgen J, Saxena R, Schoerner-Sadenius T, Schroder M, Seitz C, Spannagel S, Trevino ADRV, Walsh R, Wissing C, Blobel V, Vignali MC, Draeger AR, Erfle J, Garutti E, Goebel K, Gorner M, Haller J, Hoffmann M, Hoing RS, Junkes A, Kirschenmann H, Klanner R, Kogler R, Lapsien T, Lenz T, Marchesini I, Marconi D, Ott J, Peiffer T, Perieanu A, Pietsch N, Poehlsen J, Poehlsen T, Rathjens D, Sander C, Schettler H, Schleper R, Schlieckau E, Schmidt A, Seidel M, Sola V, Stadie H, Steinbruck G, Troendle D, Usai E, Vanelderen L, Vanhoefer A, Barth C, Baus C, Berger J, Boser C, Butz E, Chwalek T, De Boer W, Descroix A, Dierlamm A, Feindt M, Frensch F, Giffels M, Gilbert A, Hartmann F, Hauth T, Husemann U, Katkov I, Kornmayer A, Pardo RL, Mozer MU, Muller T, Muller T, Nurnberg A, Quast G, Rabbertz K, Rocker S, Simonis HJ, Stober FM, Ulrich R, Wagner-Kuhr J, Wayand S, Weiler T, Wolf R, Anagnostou G, Daskalakis G, Geralis T, Giakoumopoulou VA, Kyriakis A, Loukas D, Markou A, Markou C, Psallidas A, Topsis-Giotis I, Agapitos A, Kesisoglou S, Panagiotou A, Saoulidou N, Stiliaris E, Tziaferi E, Aslanoglou X, Evangelou I, Flouris G, Foudas C, Kokkas R, Manthos N, Papadopoulos I, Paradas E, Strologas J, Bencze G, Hajdu C, Hidas R, Horvath D, Sikler F, Veszpremi V, Vesztergombi G, Zsigmond AJ, Beni N, Czellar S, Karancsi J, Molnar J, Palinkas J, Szillasi Z, Makovec A, Raics R, Trocsanyi ZL, Ujvari B, Swain SK, Beri SB, Bhatnagar V, Gupta R, Bhawandeep U, Kalsi AK, Kaur M, Kumar R, Mittal M, Nishu N, Singh JB, Kumar A, Kumar A, Ahuja S, Bhardwaj A, Choudhary BC, Kumar A, Malhotra S, Naimuddin M, Ranjan K, Sharma V, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee K, Dutta S, Gomber B, Jain S, Jain S, Khurana R, Modak A, Mukherjee S, Roy D, Sarkar S, Sharan M, Abdulsalam A, Dutta D, Kumar V, Mohanty AK, Pant LM, Shukla R, Topkar A, Aziz T, Banerjee S, Bhowmik S, Chatterjee RM, Dewanjee RK, Dugad S, Ganguly S, Ghosh S, Guchait M, Gurtu A, Kole G, Kumar S, Maity M, Majumder G, Mazumdar K, Mohanty GB, Parida B, Sudhakar K, Wickramage N, Sharma S, Bakhshiansohi H, Behnamian H, Etesami SM, Fahim A, Goldouzian R, Khakzad M, Najafabadi MM, Naseri M, Mehdiabadi SP, Hosseinabadi FR, Safarzadeh B, Zeinali M, Felcini M, Grunewald M, Abbrescia M, Calabria C, Chhibra SS, Colaleo A, Creanza D, Cristella L, De Filippis N, De Palma M, Fiore L, Laselli G, Maggi G, Maggi M, My S, Nuzzo S, Pompili A, Pugliese G, Radogna R, Selvaggi G, Sharma A, Silvestris L, Venditti R, Verwilligen R, Abbiendi G, Benvenuti AC, Bonacorsi D, Braibant-Giacomelli S, Brigliadori L, Campanini R, Capiluppi R, Castro A, Cavallo FR, Codispoti G, Cuffiani M, Dallavalle GM, Fabbri F, Fanfani A, Fasanella D, Giacomelli R, Grandi C, Guiducci L, Marcellini S, Masetti G, Montanari A, Navarria FL, Perrotta A, Rossi AM, Rovelli T, Siroli GP, Tosi N, Travaglini R, Albergo S, Cappello G, Chiorboli M, Costa S, Giordano F, Potenza R, Tricomi A, Tuve C, Barbagli G, Ciulli V, Civinini C, D'Alessandro R, Focardi E, Gallo E, Gonzi S, Gori V, Lenzi R, Meschini M, Paoletti S, Sguazzoni G, Tropiano A, Benussi L, Bianco S, Fabbri F, Piccolo D, Ferretti R, Ferro F, Lo Vetere M, Robutti E, Tosi S, Dinardo ME, Fiorendi S, Gennai S, Gerosa R, Ghezzi A, Govoni R, Lucchini MT, Malvezzi S, Manzoni RA, Martelli A, Marzocchi B, Menasce D, Moroni L, Paganoni M, Pedrini D, Ragazzi S, Redaelli N, de Fatis TT, Buontempo S, Cavallo N, Di Guida S, Fabozzi F, Iorio AOM, Lista L, Meola S, Merola M, Paolucci R, Azzi P, Bacchetta N, Bisello D, Carlin R, Checchia R, Dall'Osso M, Dorigo T, Gasparini F, Gasparini U, Gozzelino A, Gulmini M, Kanishchev K, Lacaprara S, Margoni M, Meneguzzo AT, Passaseo M, Pazzini J, Pozzobon N, Ronchese R, Simonetto F, Torassa E, Tosi M, Zotto R, Zucchetta A, Zumerle G, Gabusi M, Ratti SP, Re V, Riccardi C, Salvini R, Vitulo R, Biasini M, Bilei GM, Ciangottini D, Fano L, Lariccia R, Mantovani G, Menichelli M, Saha A, Santocchia A, Spiezia A, Androsov K, Azzurri R, Bagliesi G, Bernardini J, Boccali T, Broccolo G, Castaldi R, Ciocci MA, Dell'Orso R, Donato S, Fedi G, Fiori F, Foa L, Giassi A, Grippo MT, Ligabue F, Lomtadze T, Martini L, Messineo A, Moon CS, Palla F, Rizzi A, Savoy-Navarro A, Serban AT, Spagnolo R, Squillacioti R, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Vernieri C, Barone L, Cavallari F, D'imperio G, Del Re D, Diemoz M, Jorda C, Longo E, Margaroli F, Meridiani R, Micheli F, Organtini G, Paramatti R, Rahatlou S, Rovelli C, Santanastasio F, Soffi L, Traczyk R, Amapane N, Arcidiacono R, Argiro S, Arneodo M, Bellan R, Biino C, Cartiglia N, Casasso S, Costa M, Covarelli R, Degano A, Demaria N, Finco L, Mariotti C, Maselli S, Migliore E, Monaco V, Musich M, Obertino MM, Pacher L, Pastrone N, Pelliccioni M, Angioni GLP, Potenza A, Romero A, Ruspa M, Sacchi R, Solano A, Staiano A, Tamponi U, Belforte S, Candelise V, Casarsa M, Cossutti F, Della Ricca G, Gobbo B, La Licata C, Marone M, Schizzi A, Umer T, Zanetti A, Chang S, Kropivnitskaya A, Nam SK, Kim DH, Kim GN, Kim MS, Kong DJ, Lee S, Oh YD, Park H, Sakharov A, Son DC, Kim TJ, Ryu MS, Kim JY, Moon DH, Song S, Choi S, Gyun D, Hong B, Jo M, Kim H, Kim Y, Lee B, Lee KS, Park SK, Roh Y, Yoo HD, Choi M, Kim JH, Park IC, Ryu G, Choi Y, Choi YK, Goh J, Kim D, Kwon E, Lee J, Yu I, Juodagalvis A, Komaragiri JR, Ali MABM, Abdullah WATW, Linares EC, Castilla-Valdez H, De la Cruz-Burelo E, Heredia-de La Cruz I, Hernandez-Almada A, Lopez-Fernandez R, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Moreno SC, Valencia FV, Pedraza I, Ibarguen HAS, Pineda AM, Krofcheck D, Butler PH, Reucroft S, Ahmad A, Ahmad M, Hassan Q, Hoorani HR, Khan WA, Khurshid T, Shoaib M, Bialkowska H, Bluj M, Boimska B, Frueboes T, Gorski M, Kazana M, Nawrocki K, Romanowska-Rybinska K, Szleper M, Zalewski R, Brona G, Bunkowski K, Cwiok M, Dominik W, Doroba K, Kalinowski A, Konecki M, Krolikowski J, Misiura M, Olszewski M, Bargassa R, Silva CBDE, Faccioli R, Parracho PGF, Gallinaro M, Iglesias LL, Nguyen F, Antunes JR, Seixas J, Varela J, Vischia R, Gavrilenko M, Golutvin I, Kamenev A, Karjavin V, Konoplyanikov V, Korenkov V, Kozlov G, Laney A, Malakhov A, Matveev V, Mitsyn VV, Moisenz R, Palichik V, Perelygin V, Shmatov S, Smirnov V, Tikhonenko E, Zarubin A, Golovtsov V, Ivanov Y, Kim V, Kuznetsova E, Levchenko R, Murzin V, Oreshkin V, Smirnov I, Sulimov V, Uvarov L, Vavilov S, Vorobyev A, Vorobyev A, Andreev Y, Dermenev A, Gninenko S, Golubev N, Kirsanov M, Krasnikov N, Pashenkov A, Tlisov D, Toropin A, Epshteyn V, Gavrilov V, Lychkovskaya N, Popov V, Pozdnyakov I, Safronov G, Semenov S, Spiridonov A, Stolin V, Vlasov E, Zhokin A, Andreev V, Azarkin M, Dremin I, Kirakosyan M, Leonidov A, Mesyats G, Rusakov SV, Vinogradov A, Belyaev A, Boos E, Dubinin M, Dudko L, Ershov A, Gribushin A, Klyukhin V, Kodolova O, 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Jones M, Jung K, Kress M, Leonardo N, Miller DH, Neumeister N, Primavera F, Radburn-Smith BC, Shi X, Shipsey I, Silvers D, Svyatkovskiy A, Wang F, Xie W, Xu L, Zablocki J, Parashar N, Stupak J, Adair A, Akgun B, Ecklund KM, Geurts FJM, Li W, Michlin B, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Roberts J, Zabel J, Betchart B, Bodek A, De Barbaro P, Demina R, Eshaq Y, Ferbel T, Galanti M, Garcia-Bellido A, Goldenzweig P, Han J, Harel A, Hindrichs O, Khukhunaishvili A, Korjenevski S, Petrillo G, Verzetti M, Vishnevskiy D, Ciesielski R, Demortier L, Goulianos K, Mesropian C, Arora S, Barker A, Chou JP, Contreras-Campana C, Contreras-Campana E, Duggan D, Ferencek D, Gershtein Y, Gray R, Halkiadakis E, Hidas D, Kaplan S, Lath A, Panwalkar S, Park M, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Sheffield D, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Thomassen P, Walker M, Rose K, Spanier S, York A, Bouhali O, Hernandez AC, Dildick S, Eusebi R, Flanagan W, Gilmore J, Kamon T, Khotilovich V, Krutelyov V, Montalvo R, Osipenkov I, Pakhotin Y, Patel R, Perloff A, Roe J, Rose A, Safonov A, Suarez I, Tatarinov A, Ulmer KA, Akchurin N, Cowden C, Damgov J, Dragoiu C, Dudero PR, Faulkner J, Kovitanggoon K, Kunori S, Lee SW, Libeiro T, Volobouev I, Appelt E, Delannoy AG, Greene S, Gurrola A, Johns W, Maguire C, Mao Y, Melo A, Sharma M, Sheldon P, Snook B, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Arenton MW, Boutle S, Cox B, Francis B, Goodell J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Li H, Lin C, Neu C, Wolfe E, Wood J, Clarke C, Harr R, Karchin PE, Don CKK, Lamichhane P, Sturdy J, Belknap DA, Carlsmith D, Cepeda M, Dasu S, Dodd L, Duric S, Friis E, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Herve A, Klabbers R, Lanaro A, Lazaridis C, Levine A, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Ojalvo I, Perry T, Pierro GA, Polese G, Ross I, Sarangi T, Savin A, Smith WH, Taylor D, Vuosalo C, Woods N
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Measurement of the ratio B(B-s(0) -> J/psi f(0)(980))/B(B-s(0) -> J/psi phi(1020)) in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
PHYSICS LETTERS B 2016 MAY 10; 756(?):84-102
A measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions of the B-s(0) meson to J/psi f(0)(980) and to J/psi phi(1020) is presented. The J/psi, f(0)(980), and phi(1020) are observed through their decays to mu(+)mu(-), pi(+)pi(-), and K+K-, respectively. The f(0) and the phi are identified by requiring |M-pi+(pi)- - 974 MeV| < 50 MeV and |M-K+(K)- - 1020 MeV| < 10 MeV. The analysis is based on a data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.3fb(-1). The measured ratio is B(B-s(0) -> J/psi f(0)) B(f(0) ->pi(+)pi(-))/B(B-s(0) -> J/psi phi) B(phi -> K+K-)= 0.140 +/- 0.008 (stat) +/- 0.023 (syst), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
Fischetti VA, Dale JB
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One More Disguise in the Stealth Behavior of Streptococcus pyogenes
MBIO 2016 MAY-JUN; 7(3):? Article e00661-16
The ability to hide in the animal kingdom is essential for survival; the same is true for bacteria. Streptococcus pyogenes is considered one of the more successful stealth bacteria in its production of a hyaluronic acid capsule that is chemically identical to the hyaluronic acid lining human joints. It has also acquired the capacity to enter eukaryotic cells to avoid the onslaught of the host's immune defenses, as well as drugs. From this intracellular vantage point, it may remain dormant from days to weeks, only to cause disease again at a later time, perhaps causing a relapse in a drug-treated patient. We now learn that it is able to enter macrophages as well, enabling the Streptococcus to use this "Trojan horse" approach to be transported to distant sites in the body.
Protiva P, Pendyala S, Nelson C, Augenlicht LH, Lipkin M, Holt PR
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Calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 modulate genes of immune and inflammatory pathways in the human colon: a human crossover trial
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2016 MAY; 103(5):1224-1231
Background: A high dietary calcium intake with adequate vitamin D status has been linked to lower colorectal cancer risk, but the mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood. Objective: The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of a Western-style diet (WD) and supplemental calcium and/or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 [1,25(OH)(2)D-3] on the colorectal mucosa. Design: We conducted 2 crossover trials to define molecular pathways in the human colorectum altered by 1) a 4-wk WD supplemented with and without 2 g calcium carbonate/d and 2) a 4-wk WD supplemented with 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 (0.5 mu g/d) with or without 2 g calcium carbonate/d. The primary study endpoint was genome-wide gene expression in biopsy specimens of the rectosigmoid colonic mucosa. Serum and urinary calcium concentrations were also measured. Results: Changes in urinary calcium accurately reflected calcium consumption. The WD induced modest upregulation of genes involved in inflammatory pathways, including interferon signaling, and calcium supplementation reversed these toward baseline. In contrast, supplementation of the WD with 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 induced striking upregulation of genes involved in inflammation, immune response, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion. Calcium supplementation largely abrogated these changes. Conclusions: Supplementing 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 to a WD markedly up regulated genes in immune response and inflammation pathways, which were largely reversed by calcium supplementation. This study provides clinical trial evidence of global gene expression changes occurring in the human colorectum in response to calcium and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 intervention. One action of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 is to upregulate adaptive immunity. Calcium appears to modulate this effect, pointing to its biological interaction in the mucosa.
Goktrurk B, Reisli I, Caliskan U, Oleaga-Quintas C, Deswarte C, Turul-Ozgur T, Burgucu D, Migaud M, Casanova JL, Picard C, Bustamante J
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Infectious diseases, autoimmunity and midline defect in a patient with a novel bi-allelic mutation in IL12RB1 gene
TURKISH JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016 MAY-JUN; 58(3):331-336
Clinical disease caused by weakly pathogenic mycobacterial species, which is known as Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), is a rare entity. IFN-gamma and IL-17 production are defective due to insufficient response to IL-2 and IL-23 in IL-12R beta 1 deficiency; so this also causes tendency to intracellular microorganisms and candidal diseases. Here, we present a patient who suffers IL-12R beta 1 deficiency caused by a novel bi-allelic mutation with recurrent salmonellosis, mycobacterial, fungal infections and remained asymptomatic during 13 months of follow-up after hIFN-gamma treatment. In addition she had hemolytic anemia and midline defects like cleft lip and palate which have not been reported in a patient with MSMD in the literature prior to this case report. In conclusion, diagnosis of MSMD should be kept in mind in patients with recurrent salmonellosis, mycobacterial and fungal infections especially in countries with a high consanguinity rate.
Klose M, Duvall LB, Li WH, Liang XT, Ren C, Steinbach JH, Taghert PH
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Functional PDF Signaling in the Drosophila Circadian Neural Circuit Is Gated by Ral A-Dependent Modulation
NEURON 2016 MAY 18; 90(4):781-794
The neuropeptide PDF promotes the normal sequencing of circadian behavioral rhythms in Drosophila, but its signaling mechanisms are not well understood. We report daily rhythmicity in responsiveness to PDF in critical pacemakers called small LNvs. There is a daily change in potency, as great as 10-fold higher, around dawn. The rhythm persists in constant darkness and does not require endogenous ligand (PDF) signaling or rhythmic receptor gene transcription. Furthermore, rhythmic responsiveness reflects the properties of the pacemaker cell type, not the receptor. Dopamine responsiveness also cycles, in phase with that of PDF, in the same pacemakers, but does not cycle in large LNv. The activity of RalA GTPase in s-LNv regulates PDF responsiveness and behavioral locomotor rhythms. Additionally, cell-autonomous PDF signaling reversed the circadian behavioral effects of lowered RalA activity. Thus, RalA activity confers high PDF responsiveness, providing a daily gate around the dawn hours to promote functional PDF signaling.
Berg JM, Bhalla N, Bourne PE, Chalfie M, Drubin DG, Fraser JS, Greider CW, Hendricks M, Jones C, Kiley R, King S, Kirschner MW, Krumholz HM, Lehmann R, Leptin M, Pulverer B, Rosenzweig B, Spiro JE, Stebbins M, Strasser C, Swaminathan S, Turner P, Vale RD, VijayRaghavan K, Wolberger C
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Preprints for the life sciences
SCIENCE 2016 MAY 20; 352(6288):899-901