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Found 37769 matches. Displaying 5141-5150
Yale K, Tackett AJ, Neuman M, Bulley E, Chait BT, Wiley E
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Phosphorylation-Dependent Targeting of Tetrahymena HP1 to Condensed Chromatin

MSPHERE 2016 JUL-AUG; 1(4):? Article e00142-16
The evolutionarily conserved proteins related to heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), originally described in Drosophila, are well known for their roles in heterochromatin assembly and gene silencing. Targeting of HP1 proteins to specific chromatin locales is mediated, at least in part, by the HP1 chromodomain, which binds to histone H3 methylated at lysine 9 that marks condensed regions of the genome. Mechanisms that regulate HP1 targeting are emerging from studies with yeast and metazoans and point to roles for posttranslational modifications. Here, we report that modifications of an HP1 homolog (Hhp1) in the ciliate model Tetrahymena thermophila correlated with the physiological state and with nuclear differentiation events involving the restructuring of chromatin. Results support the model in which Hhp1 chromodomain binds lysine 27-methylated histone H3, and we show that colocalization with this histone mark depends on phosphorylation at a single Cdc2/Cdk1 kinase site in the "hinge region" adjacent to the chromodomain. These findings help elucidate important functional roles of reversible posttranslational modifications of proteins in the HP1 family, in this case, regulating the targeting of a ciliate HP1 to chromatin regions marked with methylated H3 lysine 27. IMPORTANCE Compacting the genome to various degrees influences processes that use DNA as a template, such as gene transcription and replication. This project was aimed at learning more about the cellular mechanisms that control genome compaction. Posttranslational modifications of proteins involved in genome condensation are emerging as potentially important points of regulation. To help elucidate protein modifications and how they affect the function of condensation proteins, we investigated the phosphorylation of the chromatin protein called Hhp1 in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. This is one of the first functional investigations of these modifications of a nonhistone chromatin condensation protein that acts on the ciliate genome, and discoveries will aid in identifying common, evolutionarily conserved strategies that control the dynamic compaction of genomes.
Waldman M, Bellner L, Vanella L, Schragenheim J, Sodhi K, Singh SP, Lin DH, Lakhkar A, Li JW, Hochhauser E, Arad M, Darzynkiewicz Z, Kappas A, Abraham NG
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Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Regulate Adipocyte Differentiation of Mouse 3T3 Cells, Via PGC-1 alpha Activation, Which Is Required for HO-1 Expression and Increased Mitochondrial Function

STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT 2016 JUL 15; 25(14):1084-1094
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) contributes to browning of white adipose stem cells to ameliorate obesity/diabetes and insulin resistance. In the current study, we show that EET altered preadipocyte function, enhanced peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma coactivator alpha (PGC-1 alpha) expression, and increased mitochondrial function in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte subjected to adipogenesis. Cells treated with EET resulted in an increase, P < 0.05, in PGC-1 alpha and a decrease in mitochondria-derived ROS (MitoSox), P < 0.05. The EET increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels is dependent on activation of PGC-1 alpha as cells deficient in PGC-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha knockout adipocyte cell) have an impaired ability to express HO-1, P < 0.02. Additionally, adipocytes treated with EET exhibited an increase in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a PGC-1 alpha-dependent manner, P < 0.05. The increase in PGC-1 alpha was associated with an increase in beta-catenin, P < 0.05, adiponectin expression, P < 0.05, and lipid accumulation, P < 0.02. EET decreased heme levels and mitochondria-derived ROS (MitoSox), P < 0.05, compared to adipocytes that were untreated. EET also decreased mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). Adipocyte secretion of EET act in an autocrine/ paracrine manner to increase PGC-1 alpha is required for activation of HO-1 expression. This is the first study to dissect the mechanism by which the antiadipogenic and anti-inflammatory lipid, EET, induces the PGC-1 alpha signaling cascade and reprograms the adipocyte phenotype by regulating mitochondrial function and HO-1 expression, leading to an increase in healthy, that is, small, adipocytes and a decrease in adipocyte enlargement and terminal differentiation. This is manifested by an increase in mitochondrial function and an increase in the canonical Wnt signaling cascade during adipocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation.
Bigio B, Mathe AA, Sousa VC, Zelli D, Svenningsson P, McEwen BS, Nasca C
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Epigenetics and energetics in ventral hippocampus mediate rapid antidepressant action: Implications for treatment resistance

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2016 JUL 12; 113(28):7906-7911
Although regulation of energy metabolism has been linked with multiple disorders, its role in depression and responsiveness to antidepressants is less known. We found that an epigenetic and energetic agent, acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC, oral administration), rapidly rescued the depressive- and central and systemic metabolic-like phenotype of LAC-deficient Flinders Sensitive Line rats (FSL). After acute stress during LAC treatment, a subset of FSL continued to respond to LAC (rFSL), whereas the other subset did not (nrFSL). RNA sequencing of the ventral dentate gyrus, a mood-regulatory region, identified metabolic factors as key markers predisposing to depression (insulin receptors Insr, glucose transporters Glut-4 and Glut-12, and the regulator of appetite Cartpt) and to LAC responsiveness (leptin receptors Lepr, metabotropic glutamate receptors-2 mGlu2, neuropeptide-Y NPY, and mineralocorticoid receptors MR). Furthermore, we found that stress-induced treatment resistance in nrFSL shows a new gene profile, including the metabolic regulator factors elongation of long chain fatty acids 7 (Elovl7) and cytochrome B5 reductase 2 (Cyb5r2) and the synaptic regulator NPAS4. Finally, while improving central energy regulation and exerting rapid antidepressant-like effects, LAC corrected a systemic hyperinsulinemia and hyperglicemia in rFSL and failed to do that in nrFSL. These findings establish CNS energy regulation as a factor to be considered for the development of better therapeutics. Agents such as LAC that regulate metabolic factors and reduce glutamate overflow could rapidly ameliorate depression and could also be considered for treatment of insulin resistance in depressed subjects. The approach here serves as a model for identifying markers and underlying mechanisms of predisposition to diseases and treatment responsiveness that may be useful in translation to human behavior and psychopathology.
Ondracka A, Robbins JA, Cross FR
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An APC/C-Cdh1 Biosensor Reveals the Dynamics of Cdh1 Inactivation at the G1/S Transition

PLOS ONE 2016 JUL 13; 11(7):? Article e0159166
B-type cyclin-dependent kinase activity must be turned off for mitotic exit and G1 stabilization. B-type cyclin degradation is mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C); during and after mitotic exit, APC/C is dependent on Cdh1. Cdh1 is in turn phosphorylated and inactivated by cyclin-CDK at the Start transition of the new cell cycle. We developed a biosensor to assess the cell cycle dynamics of APC/C-Cdh1. Nuclear exit of the G1 transcriptional repressor Whi5 is a known marker of Start; APC/C-Cdh1 is inactivated 12 min after Whi5 nuclear exit with little measurable cell-to-cell timing variability. Multiple phosphorylation sites on Cdh1 act in a redundant manner to repress its activity. Reducing the number of phosphorylation sites on Cdh1 can to some extent be tolerated for cell viability, but it increases variability in timing of APC/C-Cdh1 inactivation. Mutants with minimal subsets of phosphorylation sites required for viability exhibit striking stochasticity in multiple responses including budding, nuclear division, and APC/C-Cdh1 activity itself. Multiple cyclin-CDK complexes, as well as the stoichiometric inhibitor Acm1, contribute to APC/C-Cdh1 inactivation; this redundant control is likely to promote rapid and reliable APC/CCdh1 inactivation immediately following the Start transition.
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TRFP, Gregores EM, Mercadante PG, Moon CS, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Abad DR, Vargas JCR, Aleksandrov A, Genchev V, Hadjiiska R, Iaydjiev P, Piperov S, Rodozov M, Stoykova S, Sultanov G, Vutova M, Dimitrov A, Glushkov I, Litov L, Pavlov B, Petkov P, Ahmad M, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen M, Cheng T, Du R, Jiang CH, Plestina R, Romeo F, Shaheen SM, Tao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang H, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Ban Y, Li Q, Liu S, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Wang D, Xu Z, Zou W, Avila C, Cabrera A, Sierra LFC, Florez C, Gomez JP, Moreno BG, Sanabria JC, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Polic D, Puljak I, Cipriano PMR, Antunovic Z, Kovac M, Brigljevic V, Kadija K, Luetic J, Micanovic S, Sudic L, Attikis A, Mavromanolakis G, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Rykaczewski H, Bodlak M, Finger M, Finger M, Abdelalim AA, Awad A, Mahrous A, Radi A, Calpas B, Kadastik M, Murumaa M, Raidal M, Tiko A, Veelken C, Eerola P, Pekkanen J, Voutilainen M, Harkonen J, Karimaki V, Kinnunen R, Lampen T, Lassila-Perini K, Lehti S, Linden T, Luukka P, Maenpaa T, Peltola T, Tuominen E, Tuominiemi J, Tuovinen E, Wendland L, Talvitie J, Tuuva T, Besancon M, Couderc F, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Fabbro B, Faure JL, Favaro C, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Givernaud A, Gras P, de Monchenault GH, Jarry P, Locci E, Machet M, Malcles J, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Titov M, Zghiche A, Antropov I, Baffioni S, Beaudette F, Busson P, Cadamuro L, Chapon E, Chariot C, Dahms T, Davignon O, Filipovic N, Florent A, de Cassagnac RG, Lisniak S, Mastrolorenzo L, Mine P, Naranjo IN, Nguyen M, Ochando C, Ortona G, Paganini P, Regnard S, Salerno R, Sauvan JB, Sirois Y, Strebler T, Yilmaz Y, Zabi A, Agram JL, Andrea J, Aubin A, Bloch D, Brom JM, Buttignol M, Chabert EC, Chanon N, Collard C, Conte E, Coubez X, Fontaine JC, Gele D, Goerlach U, Goetzmann C, Le Bihan AC, Merlin JA, Skovpen K, Van Hove P, Gadrat S, Beauceron S, Bernet C, Boudoul G, Bouvier E, Montoya CAC, Chasserat J, Chierici R, Contardo D, Courbon B, Depasse P, El Mamouni H, Fan J, Fay J, Gascon S, Gouzevitch M, Ille B, Lagarde F, Laktineh IB, Lethuillier M, Mirabito L, Pequegnot AL, Perries S, Alvarez JDR, Sabes D, Sgandurra L, Sordini V, Vander Donckt M, Verdier P, Viret S, Xiao H, Toriashvili T, Bagaturia I, Autermann C, Beranek S, Edelhoff M, Feld L, Heister A, Kiesel MK, Klein K, Lipinski M, Ostapchuk A, Preuten M, Raupach E, Schael S, Schulte JF, Verlage T, Weber H, Wittmer B, Zhukov V, Ata M, Brodski M, Dietz-Laursonn E, Duchardt D, Endres M, Erdmann M, Erdweg S, Esch T, Fischer R, Guth A, Hebbeker T, Heidemann C, Hoepfner K, Klingebiel D, Knutzen S, Kreuzer P, Merschmeyer M, Meyer A, Millet R, Olschewski M, Padeken K, Papacz P, Pook T, Radziej M, Reithler H, Rieger M, Scheuch F, Sonnenschein L, Teyssier D, Thuer S, Cherepanov V, Erdogan Y, Flugge G, Geenen H, Geisler M, Hoehle F, Kargoll B, Kress T, Kuessel Y, Kunsken A, Lingemann J, Nehrkorn A, Nowack A, Nugent IM, Pistone C, Pooth O, Stahl A, Martin MA, Asin I, Bartosik N, Behnke O, Behrens U, Bell AJ, Borras K, Burgmeier A, Cakir A, Calligaris L, Campbell A, Choudhury S, Costanza F, Pardos CD, Dolinska G, Dooling S, Dorland T, Eckerlin G, Eckstein D, Eichhorn T, Flucke G, Gallo E, Garcia JG, Geiser A, Gizhko A, Gunnellini P, Hauk J, Hempel M, Jung H, Kalogeropoulos A, Karacheban O, Kasemann M, Katsas P, Kieseler J, Kleinwort C, Korol I, Lange W, Leonard J, Lipka K, Lobanov A, Lohmann W, Mankel R, Marfin I, Melzer-Pellmann IA, Meyer AB, Mittag G, Mnich J, Mussgiller A, Naumann-Emme S, Nayak A, Ntomari E, Perrey H, Pitzl D, Placakyte R, Raspereza A, Roland B, Sahin MO, Saxena P, Schoerner-Sadenius T, Schroder M, Seitz C, Spannagel S, Trippkewitz KD, Wissing C, Blobel V, Vignali MC, Draeger AR, Erfle J, Garutti E, Goebel K, Gonzalez D, Gorner M, Haller J, Hoffmann M, Hoing RS, Junkes A, Kianner R, Kogler R, Lapsien T, Lenz T, Marchesini I, Marconi D, Nowatschin D, Ott J, Pantaleo F, Peiffer T, Perieanu A, Pietsch N, Poehlsen J, Rathjens D, Sander C, Schettler H, Schleper P, Schlieckau E, Schmidt A, Schwandt J, Seidel M, Sola V, Stadie H, Steinbruck G, Tholen H, Troendle D, Usai E, Vanelderen L, Vanhoefer A, Akbiyik M, Barth C, Baus C, Berger J, Boser C, Butz E, Chwalek T, Colombo F, De Boer W, Descroix A, Dierlamm A, Fink S, Frensch F, Giffels M, Gilbert A, Hartmann F, Heindl SM, Husemann U, Katkov I, Kornmayer A, Pardo PL, Maier B, Mildner H, Mozer MU, Muller T, Muller T, Plagge M, Quast G, Rabbertz K, Rocker S, Roscher F, Simonis HJ, Stober FM, Ulrich R, Wagner-Kuhr J, Wayand S, Weber M, Weiler T, Wohrmann C, Wolf R, Anagnostou G, Daskalakis G, Geralis T, Giakoumopoulou VA, Kyriakis A, Loukas D, Psallidas A, Topsis-Giotis I, Agapitos A, Kesisoglou S, Panagiotou A, Saoulidou N, Tziaferi E, Evangelou I, Flouris G, Foudas C, Kokkas P, Loukas N, Manthos N, Papadopoulos I, Paradas E, Strologas J, Bencze G, Hajdu C, Hazi A, Hidas P, Horvath D, Sikler E, Veszpremi V, Vesztergombi G, Zsigmond AJ, Beni N, Czellar S, Karancsi J, Molnar J, Szillasi Z, Bartok M, Makovec A, Raics P, Trocsanyi ZL, Ujvari B, Mal P, Mandal K, Sahoo N, Swain SK, Bansal S, Beri SB, Bhatnagar V, Chawla R, Gupta R, Bhawandeep U, Kalsi AK, Kaur A, Kaur M, Kumar R, Mehta A, Mittal M, Singh JB, Walia G, Kumar A, Kumar A, Bhardwaj A, Choudhary BC, Garg RB, Kumar A, Malhotra S, Naimuddin M, Nishu N, Ranjan K, Sharma R, Sharma V, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee K, Dey S, Dutta S, Jain S, Majumdar N, Modak A, Mondal K, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay S, Roy A, Roy D, Chowdhury SR, Sarkar S, Sharan M, Abdulsalam A, Chudasama R, Dutta D, Jha V, Kumar V, Mohanty AK, Pant LM, Shukla P, Topkar A, Aziz T, Banerjee S, Bhowmik S, Chatterjee RM, Dewanjee RK, Dugad S, Ganguly S, Ghosh S, Guchait M, Gurtu A, Kole G, Kumar S, Mahakud B, Maity M, Majumder G, Mazumdar K, Mitra S, Mohanty GB, Parida B, Sarkar T, Sudhakar K, Sur N, Sutar B, Wickramage N, Chauhan S, Dube S, Sharma S, Bakhshiansohi H, Behnamian H, Etesami SM, Fahim A, Goldouzian R, Khakzad M, Najafabadi MM, Naseri M, Mehdiabadi SP, Hosseinabadi FR, Safarzadeh B, Zeinali M, Felcini M, Grunewald M, Abbrescia M, Calabria C, Caputo C, Chhibra SS, Colaleo A, Creanza D, Cristella L, De Filippis N, De Palma M, Fiore L, Iaselli G, Maggi G, Maggi M, Miniello G, My S, Nuzzo S, Pompili A, Pugliese G, Radogna R, Ranieri A, Selvaggi G, Silvestris L, Venditti R, Verwilligen P, Abbiendi G, Battilana C, Benvenuti AC, Bonacorsi D, Braibant-Giacomelli S, Brigliadori L, Campanini R, Capiluppi P, Castro A, Cavallo FR, Codispoti G, Alffialli M, Dallavalle GM, Fabbri F, Fanfani A, Fasanella D, Giacomelli P, Grandi C, Guiducci L, Marcellini S, Masetti G, Montanari A, Navarria FL, Perrotta A, Rossi AM, Rovelli T, Siroli GP, Tosi N, Travaglini R, Cappello G, Chiorboli M, Costa S, Giordano K, Potenza R, Tricomi A, Tuve C, Barbagli G, Ciulli V, Civinini C, D'Alessandro R, Focardi E, Gonzi S, Gori V, Lenzi P, Meschini M, Paoletti S, Sguazzoni G, Tropiano A, Viliani L, Benussi L, Bianco S, Fabbri F, Piccolo D, Calvelli V, Ferro F, Lo Vetere M, Monge MR, Robutti E, Tosi S, Brianza L, Dinardo ME, Fiorendi S, Gennai S, Gerosa R, Ghezzi A, Govoni P, Malvezzi S, Manzoni RA, Marzocchi B, Menasce D, Moroni L, Paganoni M, Pedrini D, Ragazzi S, Redaelli N, de Fatis TT, Buontempo S, Cavallo N, Di Guida S, Esposito M, Fabozzi F, Iorio AOM, Lanza G, Lista L, Meola S, Merola M, Paolucci P, Sciacca C, Thyssen F, Azzi P, Bacchetta N, Benato L, Bisello D, Boletti A, Carlin R, De Oliveira ACA, Checchia P, Dall'Osso M, Dorigo T, Dosselli U, Gasparini R, Gasparini U, Gonella F, Gozzelino A, Gulmini M, Lacaprara S, Margoni M, Meneguzzo AT, Pazzini J, Pozzobon N, Ronchese P, Simonetto F, Torassa E, Tosi M, Zanetti M, Zotto P, Zucchetta A, Zumerle G, Braghieri A, Magnani A, Montagna P, Ratti SP, Re V, Riccardi C, Salvini P, Vai I, Vitulo P, Solestizi LA, Biasini M, Bilei GM, Ciangottini D, Fano L, Lariccia P, Mantovani G, Menichelli M, Saha A, Santocchia A, Spiezia A, Androsov K, Azzurri P, Bagliesi G, Bernardini J, Boccali T, Broccolo G, Castaldi R, Ciocci MA, Dell'Orso R, Donato S, Fedi G, Foa L, Giassi A, Grippo MT, Ligabue F, Lomtadze T, Martini L, Messineo A, Palla F, Rizzi A, Savoy-Navarro A, Serban AT, Spagnolo P, Squillacioti P, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Barone L, Cavallari F, D'imperio G, Del Re D, Diemoz M, Gelli S, Jorda C, Longo E, Margaroli F, Meridiani P, Micheli F, Organtini G, Paramatti R, Preiato F, Rahatlou S, Rovelli C, Santanastasio F, Traczyk P, Amapane N, Arcidiacono R, Argiro S, Arneodo M, Bellan R, Biino C, Cartiglia N, Costa M, Covarelli R, Degano A, Demaria N, Finco L, Kiani B, Mariotti C, Maselli S, Migliore E, Monaco V, Monteil E, Musich M, Obertino MM, Pacher L, Pastrone N, Pelliccioni M, Angioni GLP, Ravera F, Romero A, Ruspa M, Sacchi R, Solano A, Staiano A, Tamponi U, Belforte S, Candelise V, Casarsa M, Cossutti F, Della Ricca G, Gobbo B, La Licata C, Marone M, Schizzi A, Umer T, Zanetti A, Chang S, Kropivnitskaya A, Nam SK, Kim DH, Kim GN, Kim MS, Kong DJ, Lee S, Oh YD, Sakharov A, Son DC, Cifuentes JAB, Kim H, Kim TJ, Ryu MS, Song S, Choi S, Go Y, Gyun D, Hong B, Jo M, Kim H, Kim Y, Lee B, Lee K, Lee KS, Lee S, Park SK, Roh Y, Yoo HD, Choi M, Kim H, Kim JH, Lee JSH, Park IC, Ryu G, Choi Y, Choi YK, Goh J, Kim D, Kwon E, Lee J, Yu I, Juodagalvis A, Vaitkus J, Ahmed I, Ibrahim ZA, Komaragiri JR, Ali MABM, Idris FM, Abdullah WATW, Yusli MN, Linares EC, Castilla-Valdez H, De La Cruz-Burelo E, Heredia-de La Cruz I, Hernandez-Almada A, -Fernandez RL, -Hernandez AS, Moreno SC, Valencia FV, Carpinteyro S, Pedraza I, Ibarguen HAS, Pineda AM, Krofcheck D, Butler PH, Reucroft S, Ahmad A, Ahmad M, Hassan Q, Hoorani HR, Khan WA, Khurshid T, Shoaib M, Bialkowska H, Bluj M, Boimska B, Frueboes T, Gorski M, Kazana M, Nawrocki K, Romanowska-Rybinska K, Szleper M, Zalewski P, Brona G, Bunkowski K, Doroba K, Kalinowski A, Konecki M, Krolikowski J, Misiura M, Olszewski M, Walczak M, Bargassa P, Silva CBDE, Di Francesco A, Faccioli P, Parracho PGF, Gallinaro M, 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Sheldon P, Snook B, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Xu Q, Arenton MW, Boutle S, Cox B, Francis B, Goodell J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Li H, Lin C, Neu C, Wolfe E, Wood J, Xia F, Clarke C, Harr R, Karchin PE, Don CKK, Lamichhane P, Sturdy J, Belknap DA, Carlsmith D, Cepeda M, Christian A, Dasu S, Dodd L, Duric S, Friis E, Gomber B, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Herve A, Klabbers R, Lanaro A, Levine A, Long K, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Ojalvo I, Perry T, Pierro GA, Polese G, Ross I, Ruggles T, Sarangi T, Savin A, Sharma A, Smith N, Smith WH, Taylor D, Woods N
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Inclusive and differential measurements of the t(t)over-bar charge asymmetry in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

PHYSICS LETTERS B 2016 JUN 10; 757(?):154-179
The t (t) over bar charge asymmetry is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). Selected events contain an electron or a muon and four or more jets, where at least one jet is identified as originating from b-quark hadronization. The inclusive charge asymmetry is found to be 0.0010 +/- 0.0068 (stat)+/- 0.0037 (syst). In addition, differential charge asymmetries as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and invariant mass of the If system are studied. For the first time at the LHC, the measurements are also performed in a reduced fiducial phase space of top quark pair production, with an integrated result of -0.0035 +/- 0.0072 (stat) +/- 0.0031 (syst). All measurements are consistent within two standard deviations with zero asymmetry as well as with the predictions of the standard model. (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).
Oh DY, Dowling DJ, Ahmed S, Choi H, Brightman S, Bergelson I, Berger ST, Sauld JF, Pettengill M, Kho AT, Pollack HJ, Steen H, Levy O
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Adjuvant-induced Human Monocyte Secretome Profiles Reveal Adjuvant- and Age-specific Protein Signatures

MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS 2016 JUN; 15(6):1877-1894
Adjuvants boost vaccine responses, enhancing protective immunity against infections that are most common among the very young. Many adjuvants activate innate immunity, some via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), whose activities varies with age. Accordingly, characterization of age-specific adjuvant-induced immune responses may inform rational adjuvant design targeting vulnerable populations. In this study, we employed proteomics to characterize the adjuvant-induced changes of secretomes from human newborn and adult monocytes in response to Alum, the most commonly used adjuvant in licensed vaccines; Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA), a TLR4-activating adjuvant component of a licensed Human Papilloma Virus vaccine; and R848 an imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonist that is a candidate adjuvant for early life vaccines. Monocytes were incubated in vitro for 24 h with vehicle, Alum, MPLA, or R848 and supernatants collected for proteomic analysis employing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (data available via ProteomeXchange, ID PXD003534). 1894 non-redundant proteins were identified, of which approximate to 30 - 40% were common to all treatment conditions and approximate to 5% were treatment-specific. Adjuvant-stimulated secretome profiles, as identified by cluster analyses of over-represented proteins, varied with age and adjuvant type. Adjuvants, especially Alum, activated multiple innate immune pathways as assessed by functional enrichment analyses. Release of lactoferrin, pentraxin 3, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 was confirmed in newborn and adult whole blood and blood monocytes stimulated with adjuvants alone or adjuvanted licensed vaccines with distinct clinical reactogenicity profiles. MPLA-induced adult monocyte secretome profiles correlated in silico with transcriptome profiles induced in adults immunized with the MPLA-adjuvanted RTS,S malaria vaccine (Mosquirix). Overall, adjuvants such as Alum, MPLA and R848 give rise to distinct and age-specific monocyte secretome profiles, paralleling responses to adjuvant-containing vaccines in vivo. Age-specific in vitro modeling coupled with proteomics may provide fresh insight into the ontogeny of adjuvant action thereby informing targeted adjuvanted vaccine development for distinct age groups.
Aaltonen T, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Bland KR, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Canelli F, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Chokheli D, Clark A, Clarke C, Convery ME, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Demortier L, Deninno M, D'Errico M, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann JR, Donati S, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Ebina K, Edgar R, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Farrington S, Ramos JPF, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Frisch H, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Lopez OG, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grosso-Pilcher C, da Costa JG, Hahn SR, Han JY, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr RF, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hocker A, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Hughes RE, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk TR, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim SB, Kim YJ, Kim YK, Kimura N, Kirby M, Knoepfel K, Kondo K, Kong DJ, Konigsberg J, Kotwal AV, Kreps M, Kroll J, Kruse M, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Laasanen AT, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lannon K, Latino G, Lee HS, Lee JS, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis JD, Limosani A, Lipeles E, Lister A, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Luca A, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Marchese L, Margaroli F, Marino P, Matera K, Mattson ME, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Mesropian C, Miao T, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Moon CS, Moore R, Morello MJ, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Noh SY, Norniella O, Oakes L, Oh SH, Oh YD, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Palni P, Papadimitriou V, Parker W, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Pranko A, Prokoshin F, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Fernandez IR, Renton P, Rescigno M, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodriguez T, Rolli S, Ronzani M, Roser R, Rosner JL, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Sakumoto WK, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt EE, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout SZ, Shears T, Shepard PF, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Simonenko A, Sliwa K, Smith JR, Snider FD, Song H, Sorin V, Denis RS, Stancari M, Stentz D, Strologas J, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Thom J, Thomson E, Thukral V, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Tonelli D, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Vazquez F, Velev G, Vellidis C, Vernieri C, Vidal M, Vilar R, Vizan J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wallny R, Wang SM, Waters D, Wester WC, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wilbur S, Williams HH, Wilson JS, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfe H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang UK, Yang YC, Yao WM, Yeh GP, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu GB, Yu I, Zanetti AM, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S
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Search for a low-mass neutral Higgs boson with suppressed couplings to fermions using events with multiphoton final states

PHYSICAL REVIEW D 2016 JUN 20; 93(11):? Article 112010
A search for a Higgs boson with suppressed couplings to fermions, h(f), assumed to be the neutral, lower-mass partner of the Higgs boson discovered at the Large Hadron Collider, is reported. Such a Higgs boson could exist in extensions of the standard model with two Higgs doublets, and could be produced via p (p) over bar -> H(+/-)h(f) -> W*h(f)h(f) -> 4 gamma + X where H (+/-) is a charged Higgs boson. This analysis uses all events withat least three photons in the final state from proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.2 fb(-1). No evidence of a signal is observed in the data. Values of Higgs-boson masses between 10 and 100 GeV/c(2) are excluded at 95% Bayesian credibility.
Gallego I, Sheldon J, Moreno E, Gregori J, Quer J, Esteban JI, Rice CM, Domingo E, Perales C
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Barrier-Independent, Fitness-Associated Differences in Sofosbuvir Efficacy against Hepatitis C Virus

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY 2016 JUN; 60(6):3786-3793
Sofosbuvir displays a high phenotypic barrier to resistance, and it is a component of several combination therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. HCV fitness can be a determinant of decreased sensitivity to direct-acting antiviral agents such as telaprevir or daclatasvir, but fitness-dependent decreased drug sensitivity has not been established for drugs with a high phenotypic barrier to resistance. Low-and high-fitness HCV populations and biological clones derived from them were used to infect Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells. Sofosbuvir efficacy was analyzed by measuring virus progeny production during several passages and by selection of possible sofosbuvir resistance mutations determined by sequencing the NS5B-coding region of the resulting populations. Sofosbuvir exhibited reduced efficacy against high-fitness HCV populations, without the acquisition of sofosbuvir-specific resistance mutations. A reduced sofosbuvir efficacy, similar to that observed with the parental populations, was seen for high-fitness individual biological clones. In independently derived high-fitness HCV populations or clones passaged in the presence of sofosbuvir, M289L was selected as the only substitution in the viral polymerase NS5B. In no case was the sofosbuvir-specific resistance substitution S282T observed. High HCV fitness can lead to decreased sensitivity to sofosbuvir, without the acquisition of specific sofosbuvir resistance mutations. Thus, fitness-dependent drug sensitivity can operate with HCV inhibitors that display a high barrier to resistance. This mechanism may underlie treatment failures not associated with selection of sofosbuvir-specific resistance mutations, linked to in vivo fitness of pretreatment viral populations.
Aaltonen T, Amerio S, Amidei D, Anastassov A, Annovi A, Antos J, Apollinari G, Appel JA, Arisawa T, Artikov A, Asaadi J, Ashmanskas W, Auerbach B, Aurisano A, Azfar F, Badgett W, Bae T, Barbaro-Galtieri A, Barnes VE, Barnett BA, Barria P, Bartos P, Bauce M, Bedeschi F, Behari S, Bellettini G, Bellinger J, Benjamin D, Beretvas A, Bhatti A, Bland KR, Blumenfeld B, Bocci A, Bodek A, Bortoletto D, Boudreau J, Boveia A, Brigliadori L, Bromberg C, Brucken E, Budagov J, Budd HS, Burkett K, Busetto G, Bussey P, Butti P, Buzatu A, Calamba A, Camarda S, Campanelli M, Canelli F, Carls B, Carlsmith D, Carosi R, Carrillo S, Casal B, Casarsa M, Castro A, Catastini P, Cauz D, Cavaliere V, Cerri A, Cerrito L, Chen YC, Chertok M, Chiarelli G, Chlachidze G, Cho K, Chokheli D, Clark A, Clarke C, Convery ME, Conway J, Corbo M, Cordelli M, Cox CA, Cox DJ, Cremonesi M, Cruz D, Cuevas J, Culbertson R, d'Ascenzo N, Datta M, de Barbaro P, Demortier L, Deninno M, D'Errico M, Devoto F, Di Canto A, Di Ruzza B, Dittmann JR, Donati S, D'Onofrio M, Dorigo M, Driutti A, Ebina K, Edgar R, Erbacher R, Errede S, Esham B, Farrington S, Ramos JPF, Field R, Flanagan G, Forrest R, Franklin M, Freeman JC, Frisch H, Funakoshi Y, Galloni C, Garfinkel AF, Garosi P, Gerberich H, Gerchtein E, Giagu S, Giakoumopoulou V, Gibson K, Ginsburg CM, Giokaris N, Giromini P, Glagolev V, Glenzinski D, Gold M, Goldin D, Golossanov A, Gomez G, Gomez-Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Lopez OG, Gorelov I, Goshaw AT, Goulianos K, Gramellini E, Grosso-Pilcher C, da Costa JG, Hahn SR, Han JY, Happacher F, Hara K, Hare M, Harr RF, Harrington-Taber T, Hatakeyama K, Hays C, Heinrich J, Herndon M, Hocker A, Hong Z, Hopkins W, Hou S, Hughes RE, Husemann U, Hussein M, Huston J, Introzzi G, Iori M, Ivanov A, James E, Jang D, Jayatilaka B, Jeon EJ, Jindariani S, Jones M, Joo KK, Jun SY, Junk TR, Kambeitz M, Kamon T, Karchin PE, Kasmi A, Kato Y, Ketchum W, Keung J, Kilminster B, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim SB, Kim YJ, Kim YK, Kimura N, Kirby M, Kondo K, Kong DJ, Konigsberg J, Kotwal AV, Kreps M, Kroll J, Kruse M, Kuhr T, Kurata M, Laasanen AT, Lammel S, Lancaster M, Lannon K, Latino G, Lee HS, Lee JS, Leo S, Leone S, Lewis JD, Limosani A, Lipeles E, Lister A, Liu Q, Liu T, Lockwitz S, Loginov A, Lucchesi D, Luca A, Lueck J, Lujan P, Lukens P, Lungu G, Lys J, Lysak R, Madrak R, Maestro P, Malik S, Manca G, Manousakis-Katsikakis A, Marchese L, Margaroli F, Marino P, Matera K, Mattson ME, Mazzacane A, Mazzanti P, McNulty R, Mehta A, Mehtala P, Mesropian C, Miao T, Mietlicki D, Mitra A, Miyake H, Moed S, Moggi N, Moon CS, Moore R, Morello MJ, Mukherjee A, Muller T, Murat P, Mussini M, Nachtman J, Nagai Y, Naganoma J, Nakano I, Napier A, Nett J, Nigmanov T, Nodulman L, Noh SY, Norniella O, Oakes L, Oh SH, Oh YD, Okusawa T, Orava R, Ortolan L, Pagliarone C, Palencia E, Palni P, Papadimitriou V, Parker W, Pauletta G, Paulini M, Paus C, Phillips TJ, Piacentino G, Pianori E, Pilot J, Pitts K, Plager C, Pondrom L, Poprocki S, Potamianos K, Pranko A, Prokoshin F, Ptohos F, Punzi G, Fernandez IR, Renton P, Rescigno M, Rimondi F, Ristori L, Robson A, Rodriguez T, Rolli S, Ronzani M, Roser R, Rosner JL, Ruffini F, Ruiz A, Russ J, Rusu V, Sakumoto WK, Sakurai Y, Santi L, Sato K, Saveliev V, Savoy-Navarro A, Schlabach P, Schmidt EE, Schwarz T, Scodellaro L, Scuri F, Seidel S, Seiya Y, Semenov A, Sforza F, Shalhout SZ, Shears T, Shepard PF, Shimojima M, Shochet M, Shreyber-Tecker I, Simonenko A, Sliwa K, Smith JR, Snider FD, Song H, Sorin V, St Denis R, Stancari M, Stentz D, Strologas J, Sudo Y, Sukhanov A, Suslov I, Takemasa K, Takeuchi Y, Tang J, Tecchio M, Teng PK, Thom J, Thomson E, Thukral V, Toback D, Tokar S, Tollefson K, Tomura T, Tonelli D, Torre S, Torretta D, Totaro P, Trovato M, Ukegawa F, Uozumi S, Vazquez F, Velev G, Vellidis C, Vernieri C, Vidal M, Vilar R, Vizan J, Vogel M, Volpi G, Wagner P, Wallny R, Wang SM, Waters D, Wester WC, Whiteson D, Wicklund AB, Wilbur S, Williams HH, Wilson JS, Wilson P, Winer BL, Wittich P, Wolbers S, Wolfe H, Wright T, Wu X, Wu Z, Yamamoto K, Yamato D, Yang T, Yang UK, Yang YC, Yao WM, Yeh GP, Yi K, Yoh J, Yorita K, Yoshida T, Yu GB, Yu I, Zanetti AM, Zeng Y, Zhou C, Zucchelli S
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Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of top-quark and antiquark pairs using the full CDF Run II data set

PHYSICAL REVIEW D 2016 JUN 3; 93(11):? Article 112005
We measure the forward-backward asymmetry of the production of top-quark and antiquark pairs in proton-antiproton collisions at center-of-mass energy root s = 1.96 TeV using the full data set collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) in Tevatron Run II corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.1 fb(-1). The asymmetry is characterized by the rapidity difference between top quarks and antiquarks (Delta y) and measured in the final state with two charged leptons (electrons and muons). The inclusive asymmetry, corrected to the entire phase space at parton level, is measured to be A(FB)(t (t) over bar) = 0.12 +/- 0.13, consistent with the expectations from the standard model (SM) and previous CDF results in the final state with a single charged lepton. The combination of the CDF measurements of the inclusive A(FB)(t (t) over bar) in both final states yields A(FB)(t (t) over bar) 0.160 +/- 0.045, which is consistent with the SM predictions. We also measure the differential asymmetry as a function of Delta y. A linear fit to A(FB)(t (t) over bar) (vertical bar Delta y vertical bar),assuming zero asymmetry at Delta y = 0, yields a slope of alpha = 0.14 +/- 0.15, consistent with the SM prediction and the previous CDF determination in the final state with a single charged lepton. The combined slope of A(FB)(t (t) over bar) (vertical bar Delta y vertical bar) the two final states is alpha = 0.227 +/- 0.057, which is 2.0 sigma larger than the SM prediction.
Mende M, Fletcher EV, Belluardo JL, Pierce JP, Bommareddy PK, Weinrich JA, Kabir ZD, Schierberl KC, Pagiazitis JG, Mendelsohn AI, Francesconi A, Edwards RH, Milner TA, Rajadhyaksha AM, van Roessel PJ, Mentis GZ, Kaltschmidt JA
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Sensory-Derived Glutamate Regulates Presynaptic Inhibitory Terminals in Mouse Spinal Cord

NEURON 2016 JUN 15; 90(6):1189-1202
Circuit function in the CNS relies on the balanced interplay of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic signaling. How neuronal activity influences synaptic differentiation to maintain such balance remains unclear. In the mouse spinal cord, a population of GABAergic interneurons, GABApre, forms synapses with the terminals of proprioceptive sensory neurons and controls information transfer at sensory-motor connections through presynaptic inhibition. We show that reducing sensory glutamate release results in decreased expression of GABA-synthesizing enzymes GAD65 and GAD67 in GABApre terminals and decreased presynaptic inhibition. Glutamate directs GAD67 expression via the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1b on GABApre terminals and regulates GAD65 expression via autocrine influence on sensory terminal BDNF. We demonstrate that dual retrograde signals from sensory terminals operate hierarchically to direct the molecular differentiation of GABApre terminals and the efficacy of presynaptic inhibition. These retrograde signals comprise a feedback mechanism by which excitatory sensory activity drives GABAergic inhibition to maintain circuit homeostasis.