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Found 37769 matches. Displaying 1081-1090
Aguilar EG, Paniccia G, Adura C, Singer ZS, Ashbrook AW, Razooky BS, Rice CM, MacDonald MR
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Sindbis Macrodomain Poly-ADP-Ribose Hydrolase Activity Is Important for Viral RNA Synthesis
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 2022 APR 13; 96(7):? Article e01516-21
Viral macrodomains have drawn attention in recent years due to their high degree of conservation in several virus families (e.g., coronaviruses and alphaviruses) and their potential druggability. These domains erase mono- or poly-ADP-ribose, posttranslational modifications written by host poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins, from undetermined host or viral proteins to enhance replication. ADP-ribosylation is a highly dynamic posttranslational modification frequently studied in stress response pathways with recent attention given to its role in response to viral infection. Notably, the alphaviruses encode catalytically active macrodomains capable of ADP-ribosylhydrolase (ARH) activities, implying a role in remodeling the cellular ADP-ribosylome. This report decouples mono- and poly-ARH contributions to macrodomain function using a newly engineered Sindbis virus (SINV) mutant with attenuated poly-ARH activity. Our findings indicate that viral poly-ARH activity is uniquely required for high titer replication in mammalian systems. Despite translating incoming genomic RNA as efficiently as WT virus, mutant viruses have a reduced capacity to establish productive infection, offering a more complete understanding of the kinetics and role of the alphavirus macrodomain with important implications for broader ADP-ribosyltransferase biology. IMPORTANCE Viral macrodomains have drawn attention in recent years due to their high degree of conservation in several virus families (e.g., coronaviruses and alphaviruses) and their potential druggability. These domains erase mono- or poly-ADP-ribose, posttranslational modifications written by host poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins, from undetermined host or viral proteins to enhance replication. Prior work determined that efficient alphavirus replication requires catalytically active macrodomains; however, which form of the modification requires removal and from which protein(s) had not been determined. Here, we present evidence for the specific requirement of poly-ARH activity to ensure efficient productive infection and virus replication.
Baxter SM, Posey JE, Lake NJ, Sobreira N, Chong JX, Buyske S, Blue EE, Chadwick LH, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Doheny KF, Davis CP, Lek M, Wellington C, Jhangiani SN, Gerstein M, Gibbs RA, Lifton RP, MacArthur DG, Matise TC, Lupski JR, Valle D, Bamshad MJ, Hamosh A, Mane S, Nickerson DA, Rehm HL, O'Donnell-Luria A
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Centers for Mendelian Genomics: A decade of facilitating gene discovery
GENETICS IN MEDICINE 2022 APR; 24(4):784-797
Purpose: Mendelian disease genomic research has undergone a massive transformation over the past decade. With increasing availability of exome and genome sequencing, the role of Mendelian research has expanded beyond data collection, sequencing, and analysis to worldwide data sharing and collaboration. Methods: Over the past 10 years, the National Institutes of Health-supported Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMGs) have played a major role in this research and clinical evolution. Results: We highlight the cumulative gene discoveries facilitated by the program, biomedical research leveraged by the approach, and the larger impact on the research community. Beyond generating a list of gene-phenotype relationships and participating in widespread data sharing, the CMGs have created resources, tools, and training for the larger community to foster understanding of genes and genome variation. The CMGs have participated in a wide range of data sharing activities, including deposition of all eligible CMG data into the Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL), sharing candidate genes through the Matchmaker Exchange and the CMG website, and sharing variants in Genotypes to Mendelian Phenotypes (Geno2MP) and VariantMatcher. Conclusion: The work is far from complete; strengthening communication between research and clinical realms, continued development and sharing of knowledge and tools, and improving access to richly characterized data sets are all required to diagnose the remaining molecularly undiagnosed patients. (C) 2021 by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Piccolo FM, Kastan NR, Haremaki T, Tian QY, Laundos TL, De Santis R, Beaudoin AJ, Carroll TS, Luo JD, Gnedeva K, Etoc F, Hudspeth AJ, Brivanlou AH
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Role of YAP in early ectodermal specification and a Huntington's Disease model of human neurulation
ELIFE 2022 APR 22; 11(?):? Article e73075
The Hippo pathway, a highly conserved signaling cascade that functions as an integrator of molecular signals and biophysical states, ultimately impinges upon the transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP). Hippo-YAP signaling has been shown to play key roles both at the early embryonic stages of implantation and gastrulation, and later during neurogenesis. To explore YAP's potential role in neurulation, we used self-organizing neuruloids grown from human embryonic stem cells on micropatterned substrates. We identified YAP activation as a key lineage determinant, first between neuronal ectoderm and nonneuronal ectoderm, and later between epidermis and neural crest, indicating that YAP activity can enhance the effect of BMP4 stimulation and therefore affect ectodermal specification at this developmental stage. Because aberrant Hippo-YAP signaling has been implicated in the pathology of Huntington's Disease (HD), we used isogenic mutant neuruloids to explore the relationship between signaling and the disease. We found that HD neuruloids demonstrate ectopic activation of gene targets of YAP and that pharmacological reduction of YAP's transcriptional activity can partially rescue the HD phenotype.
Cao XY, Boyaci H, Chen J, Bao Y, Landick R, Campbell EA
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Basis of narrow-spectrum activity of fidaxomicin on Clostridioides difficile
NATURE 2022 APR 21; 604(7906):541-+
Fidaxomicin (Fdx) is widely used to treat Clostridioides difficile (Cdiff) infections, but the molecular basis of its narrow-spectrum activity in the human gut microbiome remains unknown. Cdiffinfections are a leading cause of nosocomial deaths(1). Fidaxomicin, which inhibits RNA polymerase, targets Cdiff with minimal effects on gut commensals, reducing recurrence of Cdiffinfection(2,3). Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of CdeRNA polymerase in complex with fidaxomicin and identify a crucial fidaxomicin-binding determinant of Cdiff RNA polymerase that is absent in most gut microbiota such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. By combining structural, biochemical, genetic and bioinformatic analyses, we establish that a single residue in Cdiff RNA polymerase is a sensitizing element for fidaxomicin narrow-spectrum activity. Our results provide a blueprint for targeted drug design against an important human pathogen.
Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, Brandstetter J, Brondolin E, Dragicevic M, Ero J, Del Valle AE, Flechl M, Friedl M, Fruhwirth R, Ghete VM, Grossmann J, Hrubec J, Jeitler M, Konig A, Krammer N, Kratschmer I, Liko D, Madlener T, Mikulec I, Pree E, Rad N, Rohringer H, Schieck J, Schofbeck R, Spanring M, Spitzbart D, Taurok A, Waltenberger W, Wittmann J, Wulz CE, Zarucki M, Chekhovsky V, Mossolov V, Gonzalez JS, De Wolf EA, Di Croce D, Janssen X, Lauwers J, Pieters M, Van De Klundert M, Van Haevermaet H, Van Mechelen P, Van Remortel N, Abu Zeid S, Blekman F, D'Hondt J, De Bruyn I, De Clercq J, Deroover K, Flouris G, Lontkovskyi D, Lowette S, Marchesini I, Moortgat S, Moreels L, Python Q, Skovpen K, Tavernier S, Van Doninck W, Van Mulders P, Van Parijs I, Beghin D, Bilin B, Brun H, Clerbaux B, De Lentdecker G, Delannoy H, Dorney B, Fasanella G, Favart L, Goldouzian R, Grebenyuk A, Kalsi AK, Lenzi T, Luetic J, Seva T, Starling E, Vander Velde C, Vanlaer P, Vannerom D, Yonamine R, Cornelis T, Dobur D, Fagot A, Gul M, Khvastunov I, Poyraz D, Roskas C, Trocino D, Tytgat M, Verbeke W, Vermassen B, Vit M, Zaganidis N, Bakhshiansohi H, Bondu O, Brochet S, Bruno G, Caputo C, Caudron A, David P, De Visscher S, Delaere C, Delcourt M, Francois B, Giammanco A, Krintiras G, Lemaitre V, Magitteri A, Mertens A, Musich M, Piotrzkowski K, Quertenmont L, Saggio A, Marono MV, Wertz S, Zobec J, Alda WL, Alves FL, Alves GA, Brito L, Silva GC, Hensel C, Moraes A, Pol ME, Teles PR, Das Chagas EBB, Carvalho W, Chinellato J, Coelho E, Da Costa EM, Da Silveira GG, Damiao DD, De Souza SF, Malbouisson H, Jaime MM, De Almeida MM, Herrera CM, Mundim L, Nogima H, Rosas LJS, Santoro A, Sznajder A, Thiel M, Manganote EJT, De Araujo FTD, Pereira AV, Ahuja S, Bernardes CA, Calligaris L, Tomei TRFP, Gregores EM, Mercadante PG, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Abad DR, Vargas JCR, Aleksandrov A, Hadjiiska R, Iaydjiev P, Marinov A, Misheva M, Rodozov M, Shopova M, Sultanov G, Dimitrov A, Litov L, Pavlov B, Petkov P, Fang W, Gao X, Yuan L, Ahmad M, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen M, Chen Y, Jiang CH, Leggat D, Liao H, Liu Z, Romeo F, Shaheen SM, Spiezia A, Tao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Yazgan E, Zhang H, Zhao J, Ban Y, Chen G, Li J, Li Q, Liu S, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Wang D, Xu Z, Wang Y, Avila C, Cabrera A, Montoya CAC, Sierra LFC, Florez C, Hernandez CFG, Delgado MAS, Courbon B, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Puljak I, Cipriano PMR, Sculac T, Antunovic Z, Kovac M, Brigljevic V, Ferencek D, Kadija K, Mesic B, Starodumov A, Susa T, Ather MW, Attikis A, Mavromanolakis G, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Rykaczewski H, Finger M, Finger M, Jarrin EC, Assran Y, Elgammal S, Khalil S, Bhowmik S, Dewanjee RK, Kadastik M, Perrini L, Raidal M, Veelken C, Eerola P, Kirschenmann H, Pekkanen J, Voutilainen M, Havukainen J, Heikkila JK, Jarvinen T, Karimaki V, Kinnunen R, Lampen T, Lassila-Perini K, Laurila S, Lehti S, Linden T, Luukka P, Maenpaa T, Siikonen H, Tuominen E, Tuominiemi J, Tuuva T, Besancon M, Couderc F, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Faure JL, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Ghosh S, Givernaud A, Gras P, de Monchenault GH, Jarry P, Leloup C, Locci E, Machet M, Malcles J, Negro G, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Sahin MO, Titov M, Abdulsalam A, Amendola C, Antropov I, Baffioni S, Beaudette F, Busson P, Cadamuro L, Charlot C, de Cassagnac RG, Jo M, Kucher I, Lisniak S, Lobanov A, Blanco JM, Nguyen M, Ochando C, Ortona G, Paganini P, Pigard P, Salerno R, Sauvan JB, Sirois Y, Leiton AGS, Yilmaz Y, Zabi A, Zghiche A, Agram JL, Andrea J, Bloch D, Brom JM, Chabert EC, Collard C, Conte E, Coubez X, Drouhin F, Fontaine JC, Gele D, Goerlach U, Jansova M, Juillot P, Le Bihan AC, Tonon N, Van Hove P, Gadrat S, Beauceron S, Bernet C, Boudoul G, Chanon N, Chierici R, Contardo D, Depasse P, Mamouni HE, Fay J, Finco L, Gascon S, Gouzevitch M, Grenier G, Ille B, Lagarde F, Laktineh IB, Lattaud H, Lethuillier M, Mirabito L, Pequegnot AL, Perries S, Popov A, Sordini V, Vander Donckt M, Viret S, Zhang S, Toriashvili T, Tsamalaidze Z, Autermann C, Feld L, Kiesel MK, Klein K, Lipinski M, Preuten M, Rauch MP, Schomakers C, Schulz J, Teroerde M, Wittmer B, Zhukov V, Albert A, Duchardt D, Endres M, Erdmann M, Erdweg S, Esch T, Fischer R, Guth A, Hebbeker T, Heidemann C, Hoepfner K, Knutzen S, Merschmeyer M, Meyer A, Millet P, Mukherjee S, Pook T, Radziej M, Reithler H, Rieger M, Scheuch F, Teyssier D, Thuer S, Flugge G, Kargoll B, Kress T, Kunsken A, Muller T, Nehrkorn A, Nowack A, Pistone C, Pooth O, Stahl A, Martin MA, Arndt T, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Beernaert K, Behnke O, Behrens U, Martinez AB, Anuar AAB, Borras K, Botta V, Campbell A, Connor P, Contreras-Campana C, Costanza F, Danilov V, De Wit A, Pardos CD, Damiani DD, Eckerlin G, Eckstein D, Eichhorn T, Elwood A, Eren E, Gallo E, Garcia JG, Geiser A, Luyando JMG, Grohsjean A, Gunnellini P, Guthoff M, Harb A, Hauk J, Hempel M, Jung H, Kasemann M, Keaveney J, Kleinwort C, Knolle J, Korol I, Krucker D, Lange W, Lelek A, Lenz T, Lipka K, Lohmann W, Mankel R, Melzer-Pellmann IA, Meyer AB, Meyer M, Missiroli M, Mittag G, Mnich J, Mussgiller A, Pitzl D, Raspereza A, Savitskyi M, Saxena P, Shevchenko R, Stefaniuk N, Tholen H, Van Onsem GP, Walsh R, Wen Y, Wichmann K, Wissing C, Zenaiev O, Aggleton R, Bein S, Blobel V, Vignali MC, Dreyer T, Garutti E, Gonzalez D, Haller J, Hinzmann A, Hoffmann M, Karavdina A, Kasieczka G, Klanner R, Kogler R, Kovalchuk N, Kurz S, Kutzner V, Lange J, Marconi D, Multhaup J, Niedziela M, Nowatschin D, Peiffer T, Perieanu A, Reimers A, Scharf C, Schleper P, Schmidt A, Schumann S, Schwandt J, Sonneveld J, Stadie H, Steinbruck G, Stober FM, Stover M, Troendle D, Usai E, Vanhoefer A, Vormwald B, Akbiyik M, Barth C, Baselga M, Baur S, Butz E, Caspart R, Chwalek T, Colombo F, De Boer W, Dierlamm A, Faltermann N, Freund B, Friese R, Giffels M, Harrendorf MA, Hartmann F, Heindl SM, Husemann U, Kassel F, Kudella S, Mildner H, Mozer MU, Muller T, Plagge M, Quast G, Rabbertz K, Schroder M, Shvetsov I, Sieber G, Simonis HJ, Ulrich R, Wayand S, Weber M, Weiler T, Williamson S, Wohrmann C, Wolf R, Anagnostou G, Daskalakis G, Geralis T, Kyriakis A, Loukas D, Topsis-Giotis I, Karathanasis G, Kesisoglou S, Panagiotou A, Saoulidou N, Tziaferi E, Kousouris K, Papakrivopoulos I, Evangelou I, Foudas C, Gianneios P, Katsoulis P, Kokkas P, Mallios S, Manthos N, Papadopoulos I, Paradas E, Strologas J, Triantis FA, Tsitsonis D, Csanad M, Filipovic N, Pasztor G, Suranyi O, Veres GI, Bencze G, Hajdu C, Horvath D, Hunyadi A, Sikler F, Vami TA, Veszpremi V, Vesztergombi G, Beni N, Czellar S, Karancsi J, Makovec A, Molnar J, Szillasi Z, Bartok M, Raics P, Trocsanyi ZL, Ujvari B, Choudhury S, Komaragiri JR, Bahinipati S, Mal P, Mandal K, Nayak A, Sahoo DK, Swain SK, Bansal S, Beri SB, Bhatnagar V, Chauhan S, Chawla R, Dhingra N, Gupta R, Kaur A, Kaur M, Kaur S, Kumar R, Kumari P, Lohan M, Mehta A, Sharma S, Singh JB, Walia G, Bhardwaj A, Choudhary BC, Garg RB, Keshri S, Kumar A, Kumar A, Malhotra S, Naimuddin M, Ranjan K, Shah AS, Sharma R, Bhardwaj R, Bhattacharya R, Bhattacharya S, Bhawandeep U, Bhowmik D, Dey S, Dutt S, Dutta S, Ghosh S, Majumdar N, Mondal K, Mukhopadhyay S, Nandan S, Purohit A, Rout PK, Roy A, Chowdhury SR, Sarkar S, Sharan M, Singh B, Thakur S, Behera PK, Chudasama R, Dutta D, Jha V, Kumar V, Mohanty AK, Netrakanti PK, Pant LM, Shukla P, Topkar A, Aziz T, Dugad S, Mahakud B, Mitra S, Mohanty GB, Sur N, Sutar B, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee S, Das P, Guchait M, Jain S, Kumar S, Maity M, Majumder G, Mazumdar K, Sahoo N, Sarkar T, Wickramage N, Chauhan S, Dube S, Hegde V, Kapoor A, Kothekar K, Pandey S, Rane A, Sharma S, Chenarani S, Tadavani EE, Etesami SM, Khakzad M, Najafabadi MM, Naseri M, Mehdiabadi SP, Hosseinabadi FR, Safarzadeh B, Zeinali M, Felcini M, Grunewald M, Abbrescia M, Calabria C, Colaleo A, Creanza D, Cristella L, De Filippis N, De Palma M, Florio AD, Errico F, Fiore L, Gelmi A, Iaselli G, Lezki S, Maggi G, Maggi M, Marangelli B, Miniello G, My S, Nuzzo S, Pompili A, Pugliese G, Radogna R, Ranieri A, Selvaggi G, Sharma A, Silvestris L, Venditti R, Verwilligen P, Zito G, Abbiendi G, Battilana C, Bonacorsi D, Borgonovi L, Braibant-Giacomelli S, Brigliadori L, Campanini R, Capiluppi P, Castro A, Cavallo FR, Chhibra SS, Codispoti G, Cuffiani M, Dallavalle GM, Fabbri F, Fanfani A, Fasanella D, Giacomelli P, Grandi C, Guiducci L, Marcellini S, Masetti G, Montanari A, Navarria FL, Perrotta A, Rossi AM, Rovelli T, Siroli GP, Tosi N, Albergo S, Costa S, Di Mattia A, Giordano F, Potenza R, Tricomi A, Tuve C, Barbagli G, Chatterjee K, Ciulli V, Civinini C, D'Alessandro R, Focardi E, Latino G, Lenzi P, Meschini M, Paoletti S, Russo L, Sguazzoni G, Strom D, Viliani L, Benussi L, Bianco S, Fabbri F, Piccolo D, Primavera F, Calvelli V, Ferro F, Ravera F, Robutti E, Tosi S, Benaglia A, Beschi A, Brianza L, Brivio F, Ciriolo V, Dinardo ME, Fiorendi S, Gennai S, Ghezzi A, Govoni P, Malberti M, Malvezzi S, Manzoni RA, Menasce D, Moroni L, Paganoni M, Pauwels K, Pedrini D, Pigazzini S, Ragazzi S, de Fatis TT, Buontempo S, Cavallo N, Di Guida S, Fabozzi F, Fienga F, Galati G, Iorio AOM, Khan WA, Lista L, Meola S, Paolucci P, Sciacca C, Thyssen F, Voevodina E, Azzi P, Bacchetta N, Benato L, Bisello D, Boletti A, Carlin R, De Oliveira ACA, Checchia P, Manzano PD, Dorigo T, Dosselli U, Gasparini F, Gasparini U, Gozzelino A, Lacaprara S, Margoni M, Meneguzzo AT, Pozzobon N, Ronchese P, Rossin R, Simonetto F, Tiko A, Torassa E, Zanetti M, Zotto P, Zumerle G, Braghieri A, Magnani A, Montagna P, Ratti SP, Re V, Ressegotti M, Riccardi C, Salvini P, Vai I, Vitulo P, Solestizi LA, Biasini M, Bilei GM, Cecchi C, Ciangottini D, Fano L, Lariccia P, Leonardi R, Manoni E, Mantovani G, Mariani V, Menichelli M, Rossi A, Santocchia A, Spiga D, Androsov K, Azzurri P, Bagliesi G, Bianchini L, Boccali T, Borrello L, Castaldi R, Ciocci MA, Dell'Orso R, Fedi G, Giannini L, Giassi A, Grippo MT, Ligabue F, Lomtadze T, Manca E, Mandorli G, Messineo A, Palla F, Rizzi A, Spagnolo P, Tenchini R, Tonelli G, Venturi A, Verdini PG, Barone L, Cavallari F, Cipriani M, Daci N, Del Re D, Di Marco E, Diemoz M, Gelli S, Longo E, Marzocchi B, Meridiani P, Organtini G, Pandolfi F, Paramatti R, Preiato F, Rahatlou S, Rovelli C, Santanastasio F, Amapane N, Arcidiacono R, Argiro S, Arneodo M, Bartosik N, Bellan R, Biino C, Cartiglia N, Castello R, Cenna F, Costa M, Covarelli R, Degano A, Demaria N, Kiani B, Mariotti C, Maselli S, Migliore E, Monaco V, Monteil E, Monteno M, Obertino MM, Pacher L, Pastrone N, Pelliccioni M, Angioni GLP, Romero A, Ruspa M, Sacchi R, Shchelina K, Sola V, Solano A, Staiano A, Belforte S, Casarsa M, Cossutti F, Ricca GD, Zanetti A, Kim DH, Kim GN, Kim MS, Lee J, Lee S, Lee SW, Moon CS, Oh YD, Sekmen S, Son DC, Yang YC, Kim H, Moon DH, Oh G, Cifuentes JAB, Goh J, Kim TJ, Cho S, Choi S, Go Y, Gyun D, Ha S, Hong B, Jo Y, Kim Y, Lee K, Lee KS, Lee S, Lim J, Park SK, Roh Y, Almond J, Kim J, Kim JS, Lee H, Lee K, Nam K, Oh SB, Radburn-Smith BC, Seo SH, Yang UK, Yoo HD, Yu GB, Kim H, Kim JH, Lee JSH, Park IC, Choi Y, Hwang C, Lee J, Yu I, Dudenas V, Juodagalvis A, Vaitkus J, Ahmed I, Ibrahim ZA, Ali MABM, Idris FM, Abdullah WATW, Yusli MN, Zolkapli Z, Duran-Osuna MC, Castilla-Valdez H, De La Cruz-burelo E, Ramirez-Sanchez G, Heredia-De La Cruz I, Rabadan-Trejo RI, Lopez-Fernandez R, Guisao JM, Reyes-Almanza R, Sanchez-Hernandez A, Moreno SC, Barrera CO, Valencia FV, Eysermans J, Pedraza I, Ibarguen HAS, Estrada CU, Pineda AM, Krofcheck D, Bheesette S, Butler PH, Ahmad A, Ahmad M, Hassan Q, Hoorani HR, Saddique A, Shah MA, Shoaib M, Waqas M, Bialkowska H, Bluj M, Boimska B, Frueboes T, Gorski M, Kazana M, Nawrocki K, Szleper M, Traczyk P, Zalewski P, Bunkowski K, Byszuk A, Doroba K, Kalinowski A, Konecki M, Krolikowski J, Misiura M, Olszewski M, Pyskir A, Walczak M, Bargassa P, Silva CBDE, Di Francesco A, Faccioli P, Galinhas B, Gallinaro M, Hollar J, Leonardo N, Iglesias LL, Nemallapudi MV, Seixas J, Strong G, Toldaiev O, Vadruccio D, Varela J, Afanasiev S, Bunin P, Gavrilenko M, Golutvin I, Gorbunov I, Kamenev A, Karjavin V, Lanev A, Malakhov A, Matveev V, Moisenz P, Palichik V, Perelygin V, Shmatov S, Shulha S, Skatchkov N, Smirnov V, Voytishin N, Zarubin A, Ivanov Y, Kim V, Kuznetsova E, Levchenko P, Murzin V, Oreshkin V, Smirnov I, Sosnov D, Sulimov V, Uvarov L, Vavilov S, Vorobyev A, Andreev Y, Dermenev A, Gninenko S, Golubev N, Karneyeu A, Kirsanov M, Krasnikov N, Pashenkov A, Tlisov D, Toropin A, Epshteyn V, Gavrilov V, Lychkovskaya N, Popov V, Pozdnyakov I, Safronov G, Spiridonov A, Stepennov A, Stolin V, Toms M, Vlasov E, Zhokin A, Aushev T, Bylinkin A, Chistov R, Danilov M, Parygin P, Philippov D, Polikarpov S, Tarkovskii E, Andreev V, Azarkin M, Dremin I, Kirakosyan M, Rusakov SV, Terkulov A, Baskakov A, Belyaev A, Boos E, Dubinin M, Dudko L, Ershov A, Gribushin A, Klyukhin V, Kodolova O, Lokhtin I, Miagkov I, Obraztsov S, Petrushanko S, Savrin V, Snigirev A, Blinov V, Shtol D, Skovpen Y, Azhgirey I, Bayshev I, Bitioukov S, Elumakhov D, Godizov A, Kachanov V, Kalinin A, Konstantinov D, Mandrik P, Petrov V, Ryutin R, Sobol A, Troshin S, Tyurin N, Uzunian A, Volkov A, Babaev A, Adzic P, Cirkovic P, Devetak D, Dordevic M, Milosevic J, Maestre JA, Fernandez AA, Bachiller I, Luna MB, Cerrada M, Colino N, De La Cruz B, Peris AD, Bedoya CF, Ramos JPF, Flix J, Fouz MC, Lopez OG, Lopez SG, Hernandez JM, Josa MI, Moran D, Yzquierdo APC, Pelayo JP, Redondo I, Romero L, Soares MS, Triossi A, Albajar C, de Troconiz JF, Cuevas J, Erice C, Menendez JF, Folgueras S, Caballero IG, Fernandez JRG, Cortezon EP, Cruz SS, Vischia P, Garcia JMV, Cabrillo IJ, Calderon A, Quero BC, Campderros JD, Fernandez M, Manteca PJF, Alonso AG, Garcia-Ferrero J, Gomez G, Virto AL, Marco J, Rivero CM, del Arbol PMR, Matorras F, Gomez JP, Prieels C, Rodrigo T, Ruiz-Jimeno A, Scodellaro L, Trevisani N, Vila I, Cortabitarte RV, Abbaneo D, Akgun B, Auffray E, Baillon P, Ball AH, Barney D, Bendavid J, Bianco M, Bocci A, Botta C, Camporesi T, Cepeda M, Cerminara G, Chapon E, Chen Y, d'Enterria D, Dabrowski A, Daponte V, David A, De Gruttola M, De Roeck A, Deelen N, Dobson M, du Pree T, Dunser M, Dupont N, Elliott-Peisert A, Everaerts P, Fallavollita F, Franzoni G, Fulcher J, Funk W, Gigi D, Gilbert A, Gill K, Glege F, Gulhan D, Hegeman J, Innocente V, Jafari A, Janot P, Karacheban O, Kieseler J, Knunz V, Kornmayer A, Krammer M, Lange C, Lecoq P, Lourenco C, Lucchini MT, Malgeri L, Mannelli M, Martelli A, Meijers F, Merlin JA, Mersi S, Meschi E, Milenovic P, Moortgat F, Mulders M, Neugebauer H, Ngadiuba J, Orfanelli S, Orsini L, Pantaleo F, Pape L, Perez E, Peruzzi M, Petrilli A, Petrucciani G, Pfeiffer A, Pierini M, Pitters FM, Rabady D, Racz A, Reis T, Rolandi G, Rovere M, Sakulin H, Schafer C, Schwick C, Seidel M, Selvaggi M, Sharma A, Silva P, Sphicas P, Stakia A, Steggemann J, Stoye M, Tosi M, Treille D, Tsirou A, Veckalns V, Verweij M, Zeuner WD, Bertl W, Caminada L, Deiters K, Erdmann W, Horisberger R, Ingram Q, Kaestli HC, Kotlinski D, Langenegger U, Rohe T, Wiederkehr SA, Backhaus M, Bani L, Berger P, Casal B, Chernyavskaya N, Dissertori G, Dittmar M, Donega M, Dorfer C, Grab C, Heidegger C, Hits D, Hoss J, Klijnsma T, Lustermann W, Marionneau M, Meinhard MT, Meister D, Micheli F, Musella P, Nessi-Tedaldi F, Pata J, Pauss F, Perrin G, Perrozzi L, Quittnat M, Reichmann M, Ruini D, Becerra DAS, Schonenberger M, Shchutska L, Tavolaro VR, Theofilatos K, Olsson MLV, Wallny R, Zhu DH, Aarrestad TK, Amsler C, Brzhechko D, Canelli MF, De Cosa A, Del Burgo R, Donato S, Galloni C, Hreus T, Kilminster B, Neutelings I, Pinna D, Rauco G, Robmann P, Salerno D, Schweiger K, Seitz C, Takahashi Y, Zucchetta A, Candelise V, Chang YH, Cheng KY, Doan TH, Jain S, Khurana R, Kuo CM, Lin W, Pozdnyakov A, Yu SS, Chang P, Chao Y, Chen KF, Chen PH, Fiori F, Hou WS, Hsiung Y, Kumar A, Liu YF, Lu RS, Paganis E, Psallidas A, Steen A, Tsai JF, Asavapibhop B, Kovitanggoon K, Singh G, Srimanobhas N, Bat A, Boran F, Cerci S, Damarseckin S, Demiroglu ZS, Dozen C, Dumanoglu I, Girgis S, Gokbulut G, Guler Y, Hos I, Kangal EE, Kara O, Topaksu AK, Kiminsu U, Oglakci M, Onengut G, Ozdemir K, Cerci DS, Tok UG, Topakli H, Turkcapar S, Zorbakir IS, Zorbilmez C, Karapinar G, Ocalan K, Yalvac M, Zeyrek M, Atakisi IO, Gulmez E, Kaya M, Kaya O, Tekten S, Yetkin EA, Agaras MN, Atay S, Cakir A, Cankocak K, Komurcu Y, Grynyov B, Levchuk L, Ball F, Beck L, Brooke JJ, Burns D, Clement E, Cussans D, Davignon O, Flacher H, Goldstein J, Heath GP, Heath HF, Kreczko L, Newbold DM, Paramesvaran S, Sakuma T, El Nasr-storey SS, Smith D, Smith VJ, Bell KW, Belyaev A, Brew C, Brown RM, Cieri D, Cockerill DJA, Coughlan JA, Harder K, Harper S, Linacre J, Olaiya E, Petyt D, Shepherd-Themistocleous CH, Thea A, Tomalin IR, Williams T, Womersley WJ, Auzinger G, Bainbridge R, Bloch P, Borg J, Breeze S, Buchmuller O, Bundock A, Casasso S, Colling D, Corpe L, Dauncey P, Davies G, Della Negra M, Maria R, Haddad Y, Hall G, Iles G, James T, Komm M, Lane R, Laner C, Lyons L, Magnan AM, Malik S, Mastrolorenzo L, Matsushita T, Nash J, Nikitenko A, Palladino V, Pesaresi M, Richards A, Rose A, Scott E, Seez C, Shtipliyski A, Strebler T, Summers S, Tapper A, Uchida K, Acosta MV, Virdee T, Wardle N, Winterbottom D, Wright J, Zenz SC, Cole JE, Hobson PR, Khan A, Kyberd P, Morton A, Reid ID, Teodorescu L, Zahid S, Borzou A, Call K, Dittmann J, Hatakeyama K, Liu H, Pastika N, Smith C, Bartek R, Dominguez A, Buccilli A, Cooper SI, Henderson C, Rumerio P, West C, Arcaro D, Avetisyan A, Bose T, Gastler D, Rankin D, Richardson C, Rohlf J, Sulak L, Zou D, Benelli G, Cutts D, Hadley M, Hakala J, Heintz U, Hogan JM, Kwok KHM, Laird E, Landsberg G, Lee J, Mao Z, Narain M, Pazzini J, Piperov S, Sagir S, Syarif R, Yu D, Band R, Brainerd C, Breedon R, Burns D, Sanchez MCD, Chertok M, Conway J, Conway R, Cox PT, Erbacher R, Flores C, Funk G, Ko W, Lander R, Mclean C, Mulhearn M, Pellett D, Pilot J, Shalhout S, Shi M, Smith J, Stolp D, Taylor D, Tos K, Tripathi M, Wang Z, Zhang F, Bachtis M, Bravo C, Cousins R, Dasgupta A, Florent A, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Mccoll N, Regnard S, Saltzberg D, Schnaible C, Valuev V, Bouvier E, Burt K, Clare R, Ellison J, Gary JW, Shirazi SMAG, Hanson G, Karapostoli G, Kennedy E, Lacroix F, Long OR, Negrete MO, Paneva MI, Si W, Wang L, Wei H, Wimpenny S, Yates BR, Branson JG, Cittolin S, Derdzinski M, Gerosa R, Gilbert D, Hashemi B, Holzner A, Klein D, Kole G, Krutelyov V, Letts J, Masciovecchio M, Olivito D, Padhi S, Pieri M, Sani M, Sharma V, Simon S, Tadel M, Vartak A, Wasserbaech S, Wood J, Wurthwein F, Yagil A, Della Porta GZ, Amin N, Bhandari R, Bradmiller-Feld J, Campagnari C, Citron M, Dishaw A, Dutta V, Sevilla MF, Gouskos L, Heller R, Incandela J, Ovcharova A, Qu H, Richman J, Stuart D, Suarez I, Yoo J, Anderson D, Bornheim A, Bunn J, Lawhorn JM, Newman HB, Nguyen TQ, Pena C, Spiropulu M, Vlimant JR, Wilkinson R, Xie S, Zhang Z, Zhu RY, Andrews MB, Ferguson T, Mudholkar T, Paulini M, Russ J, Sun M, Vogel H, Vorobiev I, Weinberg M, Cumalat JP, Ford WT, Jensen F, Johnson A, Krohn M, Leontsinis S, MacDonald E, Mulholland T, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Alexander J, Chaves J, Cheng Y, Chu J, Datta A, Mcdermott K, Mirman N, Patterson JR, Quach D, Rinkevicius A, Ryd A, Skinnari L, Soffi L, Tan SM, Tao Z, Thom J, Tucker J, Wittich P, Zientek M, Abdullin S, Albrow M, Alyari M, Apollinari G, Apresyan A, Apyan A, Banerjee S, Bauerdick LAT, Beretvas A, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Bolla G, Burkett K, Butler JN, Canepa A, Cerati GB, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Cremonesi M, Duarte J, Elvira VD, Freeman J, Gecse Z, Gottschalk E, Gray L, Green D, Grunendahl S, Gutsche O, Hanlon J, Harris RM, Hasegawa S, Hirschauer J, Hu Z, Jayatilaka B, Jindariani S, Johnson M, Joshi U, Klima B, Kortelainen MJ, Kreis B, Lammel S, Lincoln D, Lipton R, Liu M, Liu T, De Sa RL, Lykken J, Maeshima K, Magini N, Marraffino JM, Mason D, McBride P, Merkel P, Mrenna S, Nahn S, O'Dell V, Pedro K, Prokofyev O, Rakness G, Ristori L, Savoy-Navarro A, Schneider B, Sexton-Kennedy E, Soha A, Spalding WJ, Spiegel L, Stoynev S, Strait J, Strobbe N, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Tran NV, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Vernieri C, Verzocchi M, Vidal R, Wang M, Weber HA, Whitbeck A, Wu W, Acosta D, Avery P, Bortignon P, Bourilkov D, Brinkerhoff A, Carnes A, Carver M, Curry D, Field RD, Furic IK, Gleyzer SV, Joshi BM, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Kotov K, Ma P, Matchev K, Mei H, Mitselmakher G, Shi K, Sperka D, Terentyev N, Thomas L, Wang J, Wang S, Yelton J, Joshi YR, Linn S, Markowitz P, Rodriguez JL, Ackert A, Adams T, Askew A, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Johnson KF, Kolberg T, Martinez G, Perry T, Prosper H, Saha A, Santra A, Sharma V, Yohay R, Baarmand MM, Bhopatkar V, Colafranceschi S, Hohlmann M, Noonan D, Roy T, Yumiceva F, Adams MR, Apanasevich L, Berry D, Betts RR, Cavanaugh R, Chen X, Dittmer S, Evdokimov O, Gerber CE, Hangal DA, Hofman DJ, Jung K, Kamin J, Gonzalez IDS, Tonjes MB, Varelas N, Wang H, Wu Z, Zhang J, Bilki B, Clarida W, Dilsiz K, Durgut S, Gandrajula RP, Haytmyradov M, Khristenko V, Merlo JP, Mermerkaya H, Mestvirishvili A, Moeller A, Nachtman J, Ogul H, Onel Y, Ozok F, Penzo A, Snyder C, Tiras E, Wetzel J, Yi K, Blumenfeld B, Cocoros A, Eminizer N, Fehling D, Feng L, Gritsan AV, Hung WT, Maksimovic P, Roskes J, Sarica U, Swartz M, Xiao M, You C, Al-bataineh A, Baringer P, Bean A, Boren S, Bowen J, Castle J, Khalil S, Kropivnitskaya A, Majumder D, Mcbrayer W, Murray M, Rogan C, Royon C, Sanders S, Schmitz E, Takaki JDT, Wang Q, Ivanov A, Kaadze K, Maravin Y, Modak A, Mohammadi A, Saini LK, Skhirtladze N, Rebassoo F, Wright D, Baden A, Baron O, Belloni A, Eno SC, Feng Y, Ferraioli C, Hadley NJ, Jabeen S, Jeng GY, Kellogg RG, Kunkle J, Mignerey AC, Ricci-Tam F, Shin YH, Skuja A, Tonwar SC, Abercrombie D, Allen B, Azzolini V, Barbieri R, Baty A, Bauer G, Bi R, Brandt S, Busza W, Cali IA, D'Alfonso M, Demiragli Z, Ceballos GG, Goncharov M, Harris P, Hsu D, Hu M, Iiyama Y, Innocenti GM, Klute M, Kovalskyi D, Lee YJ, Levin A, Luckey PD, Maier B, Marini AC, Mcginn C, Mironov C, Narayanan S, Niu X, Paus C, Roland C, Roland G, Stephans GSF, Sumorok K, Tatar K, Velicanu D, Wang J, Wang TW, Wyslouch B, Zhaozhong S, Benvenuti AC, Chatterjee RM, Evans A, Hansen P, Kalafut S, Kubota Y, Lesko Z, Mans J, Nourbakhsh S, Ruckstuhl N, Rusack R, Turkewitz J, Wadud MA, Acosta JG, Oliveros S, Avdeeva E, Bloom K, Claes DR, Fangmeier C, Golf F, Suarez RG, Kamalieddin R, Kravchenko I, Monroy J, Siado JE, Snow GR, Stieger B, Godshalk A, Harrington C, Iashvili I, Nguyen D, Parker A, Rappoccio S, Roozbahani B, Alverson G, Barberis E, Freer C, Hortiangtham A, Massironi A, Morse DM, Orimoto T, De Lima RT, Wamorkar T, Wang B, Wisecarver A, Wood D, Bhattacharya S, Charaf O, Hahn KA, Mucia N, Odell N, Schmitt MH, Sung K, Trovato M, Velasco M, Bucci R, Dev N, Hildreth M, Anampa KH, Jessop C, Karmgard DJ, Kellams N, Lannon K, Li W, Loukas N, Marinelli N, Meng F, Mueller C, Musienko Y, Planer M, Reinsvold A, Ruchti R, Siddireddy P, Smith G, Taroni S, Wayne M, Wightman A, Wolf M, Woodard A, Alimena J, Antonelli L, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Flowers S, Francis B, Hart A, Hill C, Ji W, Ling TY, Luo W, Winer BL, Wulsin HW, Cooperstein S, Driga O, Elmer P, Hardenbrook J, Hebda P, Higginbotham S, Kalogeropoulos A, Lange D, Luo J, Marlow D, Mei K, Ojalvo I, Olsen J, Palmer C, Piroue P, Salfeld-Nebgen J, Stickland D, Tully C, Malik S, Norberg S, Barker A, Barnes VE, Das S, Gutay L, Jones M, Jung AW, Khatiwada A, Miller DH, Neumeister N, Peng CC, Qiu H, Schulte JF, Sun J, Wang F, Xiao R, Xie W, Cheng T, Dolen J, Parashar N, Chen Z, Ecklund KM, Freed S, Geurts FJM, Guilbaud M, Kilpatrick M, Li W, Michlin B, Padley BP, Roberts J, Rorie J, Shi W, Tu Z, Zabel J, Zhang A, Bodek A, de Barbaro P, Demina R, Duh YT, Ferbel T, Galanti M, Garcia-Bellido A, Han J, Hindrichs O, Khukhunaishvili A, Lo KH, Tan P, Verzetti M, Ciesielski R, Goulianos K, Mesropian C, Agapitos A, Chou JP, Gershtein Y, Espinosa TAG, Halkiadakis E, Heindl M, Hughes E, Kaplan S, Elayavalli RK, Kyriacou S, Lath A, Montalvo R, Nash K, Osherson M, Saka H, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Sheffield D, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Thomassen P, Walker M, Delannoy AG, Heideman J, Riley G, Rose K, Spanier S, Thapa K, Bouhali O, Hernandez AC, Celik A, Dalchenko M, De Mattia M, Delgado A, Dildick S, Eusebi R, Gilmore J, Huang T, Kamon T, Mueller R, Pakhotin Y, Patel R, Perloff A, Pernie L, Rathjens D, Safonov A, Tatarinov A, Akchurin N, Damgov J, De Guio F, Dudero PR, Faulkner J, Gurpinar E, Kunori S, Lamichhane K, Lee SW, Mengke T, Muthumuni S, Peltola T, Undleeb S, Volobouev I, Wang Z, Greene S, Gurrola A, Janjam R, Johns W, Maguire C, Melo A, Ni H, Padeken K, Alvarez JDR, Sheldon P, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Xu Q, Arenton MW, Barria P, Cox B, Hirosky R, Joyce M, Ledovskoy A, Li H, Neu C, Sinthuprasith T, Wang Y, Wolfe E, Xia F, Harr R, Karchin PE, Poudyal N, Sturdy J, Thapa P, Zaleski S, Brodski M, Buchanan J, Caillol C, Carlsmith D, Dasu S, Dodd L, Duric S, Gomber B, Grothe M, Herndon M, Herve A, Hussain U, Klabbers P, Lanaro A, Levine A, Long K, Loveless R, Rekovic V, Ruggles T, Savin A, Smith N, Smith WH, Woods N
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Search for new physics in dijet angular distributions using proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV and constraints on dark matter and other models (vol 78, 789, 2018)
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C 2022 APR 29; 82(4):? Article 379
Biegler MT, Fedrigo O, Collier P, Mountcastle J, Haase B, Tilgner HU, Jarvis ED
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Induction of an immortalized songbird cell line allows for gene characterization and knockout by CRISPR-Cas9
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2022 MAR 14; 12(1):? Article 4369
The zebra finch is one of the most commonly studied songbirds in biology, particularly in genomics, neuroscience and vocal communication. However, this species lacks a robust cell line for molecular biology research and reagent optimization. We generated a cell line, designated CFS414, from zebra finch embryonic fibroblasts using the SV40 large and small T antigens. This cell line demonstrates an improvement over previous songbird cell lines through continuous and density-independent growth, allowing for indefinite culture and monoclonal line derivation. Cytogenetic, genomic, and transcriptomic profiling established the provenance of this cell line and identified the expression of genes relevant to ongoing songbird research. Using this cell line, we disrupted endogenous gene sequences using S.aureus Cas9 and confirmed a stress-dependent localization response of a song system specialized gene, SAP30L. The utility of CFS414 cells enhances the comprehensive molecular potential of the zebra finch and validates cell immortalization strategies in a songbird species.
Sarkissian SD, Hessam S, Kirby JS, Lowes MA, Mintoff D, Naik HB, Ring HC, Suyien NC, Frew JW
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Identification of Biomarkers and Critical Evaluation of Biomarker Validation in Hidradenitis Suppurativa A Systematic Review
JAMA DERMATOLOGY 2022 MAR; 158(3):300-313
IMPORTANCE The identification and validation of biomarkers in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has potential to improve the understanding and management of this chronic, burdensome disease. OBJECTIVE To systematically identify all known HS biomarkers, categorize them by biomarker type, and critically evaluate their validity according to established criteria. EVIDENCE REVIEW Eligibility criteria for this review (PROSPERO Registration 230830) included randomized clinical trials, uncontrolled clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and other observational studies with no restrictions of patient age, sex, race or ethnicity, or language of publication up until December 31, 2020. All articles were categorized into biomarker type, defined using the US Food and Drug Administration Biomarkers, Endpoints, and other Tools (BEST) glossary. Assessment of each identified biomarker was undertaken in line with the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency guidelines for the validation of proposed biomarkers. Assessment of the strength of overall data regarding individual biomarkers was undertaken using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. FINDINGS A total of 3953 nonduplicate articles were screened, of which 1429 articles were retrieved based on the include/exclusion criteria applied. After full-text screen and data extraction, 106 articles were included in this review. The evidence of strength of 6 categories of biomarkers (susceptibility/risk, diagnostic, monitoring, predictive, prognostic, and pharmacodynamic/response biomarkers) was assessed using GRADE criteria. A total of 48 biomarkers were identified with a minimum GRADE rating of moderate. Only 1 diagnostic (serum IL-2R), 1 monitoring (dermal Doppler vascularity), and 2 predictive biomarkers (epithelialized tunnels and positive family history of HS) achieved a GRADE rating of high. None of the identified biomarkers had sufficient clinical validity to be recommended for routine use in the clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Major barriers to the identification, validation, and introduction of routine biomarkers in the management of HS include lack of independent biomarker validation studies (especially assumption-free "omics"-based techniques); insufficient assessment of collinearity between identified or proposed biomarkers; and a lack of routine integration of biomarkers into the structure of clinical trials. International consensus among researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical stakeholders is required to standardize goals and methods and encourage biomarker integration into future HS clinical trials. This systematic review presents a number of priorities for near-term future research to overcome such barriers and limitations of biomarkers in HS.
Qiu CX, Cao JY, Martin BK, Li T, Welsh IC, Srivatsan S, Huang XF, Calderon D, Noble WS, Disteche CM, Murray SA, Spielmann M, Moens CB, Trapnell C, Shendure J
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Systematic reconstruction of cellular trajectories across mouse embryogenesis
NATURE GENETICS 2022 MAR; 54(3):328-+
Mammalian embryogenesis is characterized by rapid cellular proliferation and diversification. Within a few weeks, a single-cell zygote gives rise to millions of cells expressing a panoply of molecular programs. Although intensively studied, a comprehensive delineation of the major cellular trajectories that comprise mammalian development in vivo remains elusive. Here, we set out to integrate several single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets that collectively span mouse gastrulation and organogenesis, supplemented with new profiling of similar to 150,000 nuclei from approximately embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) embryos staged in one-somite increments. Overall, we define cell states at each of 19 successive stages spanning E3.5 to E13.5 and heuristically connect them to their pseudoancestors and pseudodescendants. Although constructed through automated procedures, the resulting directed acyclic graph (TOME (trajectories of mammalian embryogenesis)) is largely consistent with our contemporary understanding of mammalian development. We leverage TOME to systematically nominate transcription factors (TFs) as candidate regulators of each cell type's specification, as well as 'cell-type homologs' across vertebrate evolution.
Jin C, Wang JN, Wang YM, Jia BJ, Guo XF, Yang GH, Xu P, Greengard P, Zhou R, Shi YG
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Modulation of amyloid precursor protein cleavage by gamma-secretase activating protein through phase separation
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2022 MAR 22; 119(12):? Article e2122292119
Aberrant cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by gamma-secretase is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). gamma-secretase activating protein (GSAP) specifically promotes gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of APP. However, the underlying mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the 16-kDa C-terminal fragment of GSAP (GSAP-16K) undergoes phase separation in vitro and forms puncta-like condensates in cells. GSAP-16K exerts dual modulation on gamma-secretase cleavage; GSAP-16K in dilute phase increases APP-C-terminal 99-residue fragment (C99) cleavage toward preferred production of p-amyloid peptide 42 (A beta 42), but GSAP-16K condensates reduce APP-C99 cleavage through substrate sequestration. Notably, the A beta 42/A beta 40 ratio is markedly elevated with increasing concentrations of GSAP-16K. GSAP-16K stably associates with APP-C99 through specific sequence elements. These findings mechanistically explain GSAP-mediated modulation of gamma-secretase activity that may have ramifications on the development of potential therapeutics.
Maguin P, Varble A, Modell JW, Marraffini LA
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Cleavage of viral DNA by restriction endonucleases stimulates the type II CRISPR-Cas immune response
MOLECULAR CELL 2022 MAR 3; 82(5):907-+
Prokaryotic organisms have developed multiple defense systems against phages; however, little is known about whether and how these interact with each other. Here, we studied the connection between two of the most prominent prokaryotic immune systems: restriction-modification and CRISPR. While both systems employ enzymes that cleave a specific DNA sequence of the invader, CRISPR nucleases are programmed with phage-derived spacer sequences, which are integrated into the CRISPR locus upon infection. We found that restriction endonucleases provide a short-term defense, which is rapidly overcome through methylation of the phage genome. In a small fraction of the cells, however, restriction results in the acquisition of spacer sequences from the cleavage site, which mediates a robust type II-A CRISPR-Cas immune response against the methylated phage. This mechanism is reminiscent of eukaryotic immunity in which the innate response offers a first temporary line of defense and also activates a second and more robust adaptive response.