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  1. Sakmar, T.P. Structure and Function of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Lessons from the Crystal Structure of Rhodopsin. in Handbook of Cellular Signaling, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, (in press).
     
  2. Sakmar, T. P. Color Vision.
    in Adler's Physiology of the Eye, 10th Edition. (Kaufman, P. & Alm, A., eds.) W. B. Saunders, (in press).
     
  3. Seibert, C., Cadene, M., Sanfiz, A., Chait, B.T. & Sakmar, T.P. Tyrosine sulfation of CCR5 N-terminal peptide by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases 1 and 2 follows a discrete pattern and temporal sequence.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:11031-36 (2002).
     
  4. Gopala Krishna, A., Menon, S.T., Terry, T.J. & Sakmar, T.P. Evidence That Helix 8 of Rhodopsin Acts as a Membrane-Dependent Conformational Switch.
    Biochemistry 41:8298-8309 (2002).

    5.  
  5. Marin, E.P., Gopala Krishna, A. & Sakmar, T.P. Disruption of the a5 Helix of Transducin Impairs Rhodopsin-Catalyzed Nucleotide Exchange.
    Biochemistry 41:6988-6944 (2002).
     
  6. Sakmar, T. P., Menon, S. T., Marin, E. P. & Awad, E. S. Rhodopsin: Insights from Recent Structural and Mutagenesis Studies.
    Annual Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 31:443-448 (2002).
     
  7. Yan, E.C.Y., Kazmi, M.A., De, S., Chang, B.S.W., Seibert, C., Marin, E.P., Mathies, R.A. & Sakmar, T.P. Function of Extracellular Loop 2 in Rhodopsin: Glutamic Acid 181 Modulates Stability and Absorption Wavelength of Metarhodopsin II.
    Biochemistry 41:3620-3627 (2002).
     
  8. Sakmar, T.P. Structure of rhodopsin and the superfamily of seven-helical receptors: the same and not the same.
    Current Opinion in Cell Biology 14:189-195 (2002).
     
  9. Jiang, Y., Cypess, A. M., Muse, E. D., Wu, C-. R., Unson, C. G., Merrifield, R. B. & Sakmar, T. P. Glucagon Receptor Activates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase (ERK) 1/2 via cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:10102-10107 (2001).
     
  10. Menon, S. T., Han, M. & Sakmar, T. P. Rhodopsin: Structural Basis of Molecular Physiology.
    Physiol Revs 81:1659-1688 (2001).
     
  11. Chang, B. S. W., Kazmi, M. & Sakmar, T. P. Synthetic Gene Technology: Applications to Ancestral Gene Reconstruction and Structure-Function Studies of Receptors.
    Methods Enzymol 343:274-294 (2002).
     
  12. Marin, E. P., Krishna, A. G. & Sakmar, T. P. Rapid Activation of Transducin by Mutations Distant From the Nucleotide-Binding Site: Evidence for a Mechanistic Model of Receptor-Catalyzed Nucleotide Exchange by G Proteins.
    J Biol Chem 276:27400-27405 (2001).
     
  13. Marin, E. P., Krishna, A. G., Archambault, V., Simuni, E., Fu, W. -Y. & Sakmar, T. P. The Function of Interdomain Interactions in Controlling Nucleotide Exchange Rates in Transducin.
    J Biol Chem 276:23873-23880 (2001).
     
  14. Cypess, A. M., Muse, E. D., Wu, C-. R., Unson, C. G. & Sakmar, T. P. Glucagon Receptor Causes Glucagon-Dependent Activation of Erk 1/2 in H22 Stable Cell Lines.
    in Peptides for the New Millenium. (Fields, G. B., Barany, G. & Tam, J. P., eds.) Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 600-601 (2000).
     
  15. Sakmar, T. P. Restoration of Compact Discs.
    Nature Genet 25: 245-246 (2000).
     
  16. Lin, S. W., Han, M., & Sakmar, T. P. Analysis of Functional Microdomains of Rhodopsin.
    Methods Enzymol 315:116-130 (2000).
     
  17. Fahmy, K., Sakmar, T. P., & Siebert, F. Structural Determinants of Active Conformation of Rhodopsin: Molecular Biophysics Approaches.
    Methods Enzymol 315:178-196 (2000).
     
  18. Han, M. & Sakmar, T. P. Assays for the Activation of Recombinant Expressed Opsin by all-trans-Retinals.
    Methods Enzymol 315:251-267 (2000).
     
  19. Isele, J., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. Rhodopsin Activation Affects the Environment of Specific Neighboring Phospholipids: An FTIR Spectroscopic Study.
    Biophys J 79:3063-3071 (2000).
     
  20. Min, K. C., Gravina, S. A. & Sakmar, T. P. Reconstitution of the Vertebrate Visual Cascade Using Recombinant Transducin Purified from Sf9 Cells.
    Protein Expr Purification 20:514-526 (2000).
     
  21. Fahmy, K., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. Transducin-dependent Protonation of Glutamic Acid 134 in Rhodopsin.
    Biochemistry 39:10607-10612 (2000).
     
  22. Unson, C. G., Wu, C. -R., Sakmar, T. P. & Merrifield, R. B. Selective Stabilization of the High-affinity Binding Conformation of Glucagon Receptor by the Long Splice Variant of Gas.
    J Biol Chem 275:21631-21638 (2000).
     
  23. Cormier, E. G., Persuh, M., Thompson, D. A. D., Lin, S. W., Sakmar, T. P., Olson, W. C. & Dragic, T. Specific Interaction of CCR5 Amino-terminal Domain Peptides Containing Sulfo-Tyrosines with HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein gp120.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:5762-5767 (2000).
     
  24. Dragic, T., Trkola, A., Thompson, D. A. D., Cormier, E. G., Kajumo, F. A., Maxwell, E., Lin, S. W., Ying, W., Smith, S. O., Sakmar, T. P. & Moore, J. P. A Binding Pocket for a Small Molecule Inhibitor of HIV-1 Entry Within the Transmembrane Helices of CCR5.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:5639-5644 (2000).
     
  25. Kazmi, M., Snyder, L. A., Cypess, A. M., Graber, S. G. & Sakmar, T. P. Selective Reconstitution of Human D4 Dopamine Receptor Variants with Gia Subtypes.
    Biochemistry 38:3734-3744 (2000).
     
  26. Ernst, O. E., Meyer, C., Marin, E. P., Fu, W. -Y., Sakmar, T. P. & Hofmann, K. P. Mutation of the Fourth Cytoplasmic Loop of Rhodopsin Affects Binding of Transducin and Peptides Derived from the Carboxyl-terminal Sequences of Transducin a and g Subunits.
    J Biol Chem 275:1937-1943 (2000).
     
  27. Marin, E. P., Gopala Krishna, A., Zvyaga, T. A., Isele, J., Siebert, F. & Sakmar, T. P. The Amino Terminus Region of the Fourth Cytoplasmic Loop of Rhodopsin Modulates Rhodopsin-Transducin Interaction.
    J Biol Chem 275:1930-1936 (2000).
     
  28. Lewis, J. W., Szundi, I., Fu, W. -Y., Sakmar, T. P. & Kliger, D. S. pH Dependence of Photolysis Intermediates in the Photoactivation of Rhodopsin Mutant E113Q.
    Biochemistry 39:599-606 (2000).
     
  29. Sakmar, T. P. Rhodopsin Early Receptor Potential Revisited.
    Biophys J 77:1189-1190 (1999).
     
  30. Lin, S. W. & Sakmar, T. P. Colour Tuning Mechanism of Visual Pigments.
    in Rhodopsins and Photo-transduction. Novartis Foundation Symposium No. 224. (Goode, J., ed.) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, vol. 224, pp. 124-141 (1999).
     
  31. Sakmar, T. P. Rhodopsin.
    in The Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. (Adelman, G. & Smith, B. H., eds.) Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, Holland, pp. 1807-1810 (1999).
     
  32. Sakmar, T. P. & Min, K. C. Lessons from Rhodopsin.
    in Receptor Biochemistry and Methodology. Vol III - Structure/Function Analysis of GPCRs. (Wess, J., ed.) John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, vol. 3, pp. 85-107 (1999).
     
  33. Kochendoerfer, G. G., Lin, S. W., Sakmar, T. P. & Mathies, R. A. How Color Visual Pigments Are Tuned.
    Trends Biochem Sci 24:300-305 (1999).
     
  34. Simpson, M. M., Ballesteros, J. A., Chiappa, V., Chen, J., Suehiro, M., Hartman, D. S., Godel, T., Snyder, L. A., Sakmar, T. P. & Javitch, J. A. Dopamine D4/D2 Receptor Selectivity Is Determined by a Divergent Aromatic Microdomain Contained within the Second, Third, and Seventh Membrane-Spanning Segments.
    Mol Pharmacol 56:1116-1126 (1999).
     
  35. Cypess, A. M., Unson, C. G., Wu, C. -R. & Sakmar, T. P. Two Cytoplasmic Loops of the Glucagon Receptor Are Required to Elevate cAMP or Intracellular Calcium.
    J Biol Chem 274:19455-19464 (1999).
     
  36. Sakmar, T. P. Rhodopsin: a Prototypical G Protein-coupled Receptor.
    Progr Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 59:1-34 (1998).
     
  37. Beck, M., Siebert, F. & Sakmar, T. P. Evidence for the Specific Interaction of a Lipid Molecule with Rhodopsin Which Is Altered in the Transition to the Active State Metarhodopsin II.
    FEBS Lett 436:304-308 (1998).
     
  38. Lin, S. W., Kochendoerfer, G. G., Carroll, K. S., Wang, D., Mathies, R. A. & Sakmar, T. P. Mechanisms of Spectral Tuning in Blue Cone Visual Pigments. Visible and Raman Spectroscopy of Blue-Shifted Rhodopsin Mutants.
    J Biol Chem 273:24583-24591 (1998).
     
  39. Beck, M., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. Spectroscopic Evidence for Interaction Between Transmembrane Helices 3 and 5 in Rhodopsin.
    Biochemistry 37:7630-7639 (1998).
     
  40. Han, M., Smith, S. O. & Sakmar, T. P. Constitutive Activation of Opsin by Mutation of Methionine 257 on Transmembrane Helix 6.
    Biochemistry 37:8253-8261 (1998).
     
  41. Dragic, T., Trkola, A., Lin, S. W., Nagashima, K., Kajumo, F., Allaway, G., Wu, L., MacKay, C., Sakmar, T. P., Maddon, P. J. & Moore, J. P. N-Terminal Substitutions in the CCR5 Co-receptor Impair gp120 Binding and HIV-1 Entry.
    J Virol 72:279-284 (1998).
     
  42. Han, M., Groesbeek, M., Smith, S. O. & Sakmar, T. P. The Role of the C9-Methyl Group in Rhodopsin Activation: Characterization of Mutant Opsins with the Artificial Chromophore 11-cis-9-demethyl-Retinal.
    Biochemistry 37:538-545 (1998).
     
  43. Donzella, G. A., Schols, D., Lin, S. W., Esté, J. A., Nagashima, K. A., Maddon, P. J., Allaway, G. P., Sakmar, T. P., Henson, G., De Clercq, E. & Moore, J. P. AMD3100, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of HIV-1 Entry via the CXCR4 Co-receptor.
    Nature Med 4:72-77 (1998).
     
  44. Sakmar, T. P. Chemistry of Vision.
    in Macmillan Encyclopedia of Chemistry. (Lagowski, J. J., ed.) Macmillan Reference USA, New York, vol. 4, pp. 1492-1495 (1997).
     
  45. Sakmar, T. P. Rhodopsin.
    in The Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. (Adelman, G. & Smith, B. H., eds.) Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, Holland, CD-ROM (1997).
     
  46. Han, M., Groesbeek, M., Sakmar, T. P. & Smith, S. O. The C9-Methyl Group of Retinal Interacts with Glycine 121 in Rhodopsin.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:13442-13447 (1997).
     
  47. Jäger, S., Han, M., Lewis, J. W., Szundi, I., Sakmar, T. P. & Kliger, D. S. Properties of Early Photolysis Intermediates of Rhodopsin Are Regulated by Glycine 121 and Phenylalanine 261.
    Biochemistry 36:11804-11810 (1997).
     
  48. Han, M., Lou, J., Nakanishi, K., Sakmar, T. P. & Smith, S. O. Partial Agonist Activity of 11-cis-Retinal in Rhodopsin Mutants.
    J Biol Chem 272:23081-23085 (1997).
     
  49. Jäger, S., Lewis, J. W., Zvyaga, T. A., Szundi, I., Sakmar, T. P. & Kliger, D. S. Chromophore Structural Changes in Rhodopsin From Nanoseconds to Microseconds Following Pigment Photolysis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:8557-8562 (1997).
     
  50. Sheih, T., Han, M., Sakmar, T. P. & Smith, S. O. The Steric Trigger in Rhodopsin Activation.
    J Mol Biol 269:373-384 (1997).
     
  51. Jäger, S., Lewis, J. W., Zvyaga, T. A., Szundi, I., Sakmar, T. P. & Kliger, D. S. Time-resolved Spectroscopy of the Early Photolysis Intermediates of Rhodopsin Schiff Base Counterion Mutants.
    Biochemistry 36:1999-2009 (1997).
     
  52. Kazmi, M. A., Sakmar, T. P. & Ostrer, H. Mutation of a Conserved Cysteine in the X-linked Cone Opsins Disrupts Targeting and Causes Color Vision Deficiencies.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38:1074-1081 (1997).
     
  53. Sakmar, T. P. Molecular Mechanism of Signal Transduction by Rhodopsin.
    in G Protein-coupled Receptors : New Opportunities for Commercial Development. (Mulford, N., ed.) I.B.C., Inc., Southborough, MA, pp. 638-665 (1996).
     
  54. Fahmy, K., Zvyaga, T. A., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. Spectroscopic Evidence for Altered Chromophore-Protein Interactions in Low Temperature Photoproducts of the Visual Pigment Responsible for Congenital Night Blindness.
    Biochemistry 35:15065-15073 (1996).
     
  55. Han, M., Lin, S. W., Minkova, M., Smith, S. O. & Sakmar, T. P. Functional Interaction of Transmembrane Helices 3 and 6 in Rhodopsin. Replacement of Phenylalanine 261 by Alanine Causes Reversion of Phenotypes of Glycine 121 Replacement Mutants.
    J Biol Chem 271:32337-32342 (1996).
     
  56. Han, M., Lin, S. W., Smith, S. O. & Sakmar, T. P. The Effects of Amino Acid Replacements of Glycine 121 on Transmembrane Helix 3 of Rhodopsin.
    J Biol Chem 271:32330-32336 (1996).
     
  57. Sheikh, S., Zvyaga, T. A., Lichtarge, O., Sakmar, T. P. & Bourne, H. R. Rhodopsin Activation Blocked by Metal-Ion-Binding Sites Linking Transmembrane Helices C and F.
    Nature 383:347-350 (1996).
     
  58. Lin, S. W. & Sakmar, T. P. Specific Tryptophan UV-Absorbance Changes Are Probes of the Transition of Rhodopsin to Its Active State.
    Biochemistry 35:11149-11159 (1996).
     
  59. Zvyaga, T. A., Fahmy, K., Siebert, F. & Sakmar, T. P. Characterization of the Mutant Visual Pigment Responsible for Congenital Night Blindness: a Biochemical and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study.
    Biochemistry 35:7536-7545 (1996).
     
  60. Unson, C. G., Cypess, A. M., Wu, C. -R., Goldsmith, P. K., Merrifield, R. B. & Sakmar, T. P. Antibodies Against Specific Extracellular Epitopes of the Glucagon Receptor Block Glucagon Binding.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:310-315 (1996).
     
  61. Sakmar, T. P. & Fahmy, K. Properties and Photoactivity of Rhodopsin Mutants.
    Israel J Chem 35:325-338 (1995).
     
  62. Beck, M., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. FTIR Investigations of Rhodopsin and Rhodopsin Mutants in Detergent and Reconstituted into Membranes.
    in Sixth European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules (Merlin, J. C., Turrell, S. & Huvenne, J. P., eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 173-174 (1995).
     
  63. Fahmy, K., Siebert, F. & Sakmar, T. P. Molecular Determinants of the Active Conformation of Rhodopsin Studied by Attenuated Total Reflectance FTIR Difference Spectroscopy.
    in Sixth European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules (Merlin, J. C., Turrell, S. & Huvenne, J. P., eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 171-172 (1995).
     
  64. Unson, C. G., Cypess, A. M., Kim, H. N., Carruthers, C. J. L., Goldsmith, P. K., Merrifield, R. B. & Sakmar, T. P. Characterization of Deletion and Truncation Mutants of the Rat Glucagon Receptor: Seven Transmembrane Segments Are Necessary for Receptor Transport to the Plasma Membrane and Glucagon Binding.J Biol Chem 270:27720-27727 (1995).
     
  65. Garcia, P. D., Onrust, R., Bell, S. M., Sakmar, T. P. & Bourne, H. R. Transducin-a Carboxyl-Terminal Mutations Prevent Activation by Rhodopsin: A New Assay Using Recombinant Proteins Expressed in Cultured Cells.
    EMBO J 14:4460-4469 (1995).
     
  66. Fahmy, K., Siebert, F. & Sakmar, T. P. The Photoactivated State of Rhodopsin and How It Can Form.
    Biophys Chem 56:171-181 (1995).
     
  67. Ernst, O., Hofmann, K. P. & Sakmar, T. P. Characterization of Rhodopsin Mutants That Bind Transducin But Fail To Induce GTP Nucleotide Uptake: Classification of Mutant Pigments by Fluorescence, Nucleotide Uptake, and Light-Scattering Assays.
    J Biol Chem 270:10580-10586 (1995).
     
  68. Carruthers, C. J. L. & Sakmar, T. P. Synthesis and Expression of Synthetic Genes: Applications to Structure-Function Studies of Receptors.
    Methods Neurosci 25:322-344 (1995).
     
  69. Sakmar, T. P. Opsins.
    in Handbook of Receptors and Channels (Vol. I: G Protein-coupled Receptors) (Peroutka, S. J., ed.) CRC Press, Boca Raton, v. I, pp. 257-276 (1994).
     
  70. Fahmy, K., Siebert, F. & Sakmar, T. P. A Mutant Rhodopsin Photoproduct with a Protonated Schiff Base Displays an Active-state Conformation: a Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study.
    Biochemistry 33:13700-13705 (1994).
     
  71. Carruthers, C. J. L., Unson, C. G., Kim, H. N. & Sakmar, T. P. Synthesis and Expression of a Gene for the Rat Glucagon Receptor. Replacement of an Aspartic Acid in the Extracellular Domain Prevents Glucagon Binding.
    J Biol Chem 269:29321-29328 (1994).
     
  72. Jäger, F., Fahmy, K., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. Identification of Glutamic Acid 113 as the Schiff Base Proton Acceptor in the Metarhodopsin II Photointermediate of Rhodopsin.
    Biochemistry 33:10878-10882 (1994).
     
  73. Arnis, S., Fahmy, K., Hofmann, K. P. & Sakmar, T. P. A Conserved Carboxylic Acid Group Mediates Light-Dependent Proton Uptake and Signaling by Rhodopsin.
    J Biol Chem 269:23879-23881 (1994).
     
  74. Zvyaga, T. A., Fahmy, K. & Sakmar, T. P. Characterization of Rhodopsin-Transducin Interaction: A Mutant Rhodopsin Photoproduct with a Protonated Schiff Base Activates Transducin.
    Biochemistry 33:9753-9761 (1994).
     
  75. Jäger, F., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. Molecular Changes of the Membrane-Embedded Carboxyl Group Glu-122 of Bovine Rhodopsin During the Transition to the Active State Metarhodopsin II: An Investigation of the Glu-122 to Asp Mutant Using FT-IR Difference Spectroscopy.
    in Fifth International Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules (Theophanides, T., Anatassopoulou, J. & Fotopoulos, N., eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 223-226 (1993).
     
  76. Fahmy, K., Jäger, F., Beck, M., Zvyaga, T. A., Sakmar, T. P. & Siebert, F. Protonation States of Membrane-Embedded Carboxylic Acid Groups in Rhodopsin and Metarhodopsin II: A Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Site-Directed Mutants.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:10206-10210 (1993).
     
  77. Fahmy, K. & Sakmar, T. P. Light-Dependent Transducin Activation by an Ultraviolet-Absorbing Rhodopsin Mutant.
    Biochemistry 32:9165-9171 (1993).
     
  78. Fahmy, K. & Sakmar, T. P. Regulation of the Rhodopsin-Transducin Interaction by a Highly Conserved Carboxylic Acid Group.
    Biochemistry 32:7229-7236 (1993).
     
  79. Min, K. C., Zvyaga, T. A., Cypess, A. M. & Sakmar, T. P. Characterization of Mutant Rhodopsins Responsible for Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Mutations on the Cytoplasmic Surface Affect Transducin Activation.
    J Biol Chem 268:9400-9404 (1993).
     
  80. Zvyaga, T. A., Min, K. C., Beck, M. & Sakmar, T. P. Movement of the Retinylidene Schiff Base Counterion in Rhodopsin by One Helix Turn Reverses the pH Dependency of the Metarhodopsin I to Metarhodopsin II Transition.
    J Biol Chem 268:4661-4667 (1993). Correction: J Biol Chem 269:13056 (1994).
     
  81. Sakmar, T. P., Fahmy, K., Chan, T. & Lee, M. Mutagenesis Studies of Rhodopsin Phototransduction.
    in Structures and Functions of Retinal Proteins (Rigaud, J. L., ed.) Libbey, London, pp. 67-70 (1992).
     
  82. Sakmar, T. P. The Traveler's Medical Kit.
    Infect Dis Clin North Am 6:355-370 (1992).
     
  83. Sakmar, T. P., Franke, R. R. & Khorana, H. G. Mutagenesis Studies of Rhodopsin Phototransduction.
    in Signal Transduction in Photoreceptor Cells (Hargrave, P. A., Hofmann, K. P. & Kaupp, U. B., eds.) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 21-30 (1992).
     
  84. Chan, T., Lee, M. & Sakmar, T. P. Introduction of Hydroxyl-Bearing Amino Acids Causes Bathochromic Spectral Shifts in Rhodopsin: Amino Acid Substitutions Responsible for Red-Green Color Pigment Spectral Tuning.
    J Biol Chem 267:9478-9480 (1992).
     
  85. Lin, S. W., Sakmar, T. P., Franke, R. R., Khorana, H. G. & Mathies, R. A. Resonance Raman Microprobe Spectroscopy of Rhodopsin Mutants: Effects of Substitutions in the Third Transmembrane Helix.
    Biochemistry 31:5105-5111 (1992).
     
  86. Franke, R. R., Sakmar, T. P., Graham, R. M. & Khorana, H. G. Structure and Function in Rhodopsin. Studies of the Interaction Between the Rhodopsin Cytoplasmic Domain and Transducin.
    J Biol Chem 267:14767-14774 (1992).
     
  87. Sakmar, T. P., Franke, R. R. & Khorana, H. G. The Role of the Retinylidene Schiff Base Counterion in Rhodopsin in Determining Wavelength Absorbance and Schiff Base pKa.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:3079-3083 (1991).
     
  88. Franke, R. R., König, B., Sakmar, T. P., Khorana, H. G. & Hofmann, K. P. Rhodopsin Mutants That Bind But Fail to Activate Transducin.
    Science 250:123-125 (1990).
     
  89. Sakmar, T. P., Franke, R. R. & Khorana, H. G. Glutamic Acid 113 Serves as the Retinylidene Schiff Base Counterion in Bovine Rhodopsin.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:8309-8313 (1989).
     
  90. Karnik, S. S., Sakmar, T. P., Chen, H. -B. & Khorana, H. G. Cysteine Residues 110 and 187 are Required for the Formation of Correct Structure in Bovine Rhodopsin.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:8459-8463 (1988).
     
  91. Sakmar, T. P. & Khorana, H. G. Total Synthesis and Expression of a Gene for the a-Subunit of Bovine Rod Outer Segment Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein (Transducin).
    Nucleic Acids Res 16:6361-6372 (1988).
     
  92. Franke, R. R., Sakmar, T. P., Oprian, D. D. & Khorana, H. G. A Single Amino Acid Substitution in Rhodopsin ( Lysine 248 --> Leucine) Prevents Activation of Transducin.
    J Biol Chem 263:2119-2122 (1988).
     
  93. Braiman, M., Bubis, J., Doi, T., Chen, H. -B., Flitsch, S. L., Franke, R. R., Gilles-Gonzalez, M. A., Graham, R. M., Karnik, S. S., Khorana, H. G., Knox, B. E., Krebs, M. P., Marti, T., Mogi, T., Nakayama, T., Oprian, D. D., Puckett, K. L., Sakmar, T. P., Stern, L. J., Subramaniam, S. & Thompson, D. A. Studies on Light Transduction by Bacteriorhodopsin and Rhodopsin.
    Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 53:355-364 (1988).
     
  94. Franke, R. R., Sakmar, T. P., Graham, R. M. & Khorana, H. G. Structure-Function Studies of Bovine Rhodopsin: Interactions with Transducin.
    in Molecular Biology of the Eye: Genes, Vision and Ocular Disease (Piatigorsky, J., Zelenka, P. & Shinohara, T., eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 45-52 (1988).
     
  95. Karnik, S. S., Sakmar, T. P., Franke, R. R., Knox, B. E., Oprian, D. D., Chen, H. -B. & Khorana, H. G. Site-Specific Mutagenesis of Bovine Rhodopsin.
    in Molecular Biology of the Eye: Genes, Vision and Ocular Disease (Piatigorsky, J., Zelenka, P., & Shinohara, T., eds.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 23-34 (1988).
     
  96. Oprian, D., Sakmar, T. P., Nakayama, T., Chen, H. -B., Knox, B., Karnik, S., Franke, R. & Khorana, H. G. Molecular Biological Studies of the Visual Pigment, Rhodopsin.
    Discuss Neurosci 4:20-28 (1987).
     
  97. Ackerman, R. H., Richardson, E. P., Davis, K. R., Boom, W. H., Sakmar, T. P. & Haley, E. C. Abrupt Onset of Headache Followed by Rapidly Progressive Encephalopathy in a 30-Year Old Woman - Angiitis of Central Nervous System (CPC).
    N Engl J Med 313:566-575 (1985).
     
  98. Seid, R. C., Jr. & Sakmar, T. P. A Differential Labeling Model for Determining the Number of Catalytically Essential Carboxyl Groups in Fumarase.
    Biochim Biophys Acta 622:196-201 (1981).
     
  99. Randolph, A., Sakmar, T. P. & Heinrikson, R. L. Phospholipases A2 - Structure, Function, and Evolution.
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