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String theoryDespite its success at explaining many aspects of the world and what holds it together, the Standard Model is far from being a comprehensive theory of matter. Among other shortcomings, it does not account for gravity, and has little if anything to say about the dark matter and energy that make up most of the universe. String theory helps scientists think in more general, yet more fundamental ways than the Standard Model about matter, space and time.
The “strings” of string theory are the framework for the “musical notes” or excitation modes, which correspond to the elementary particles observed in particle accelerators. An actual string is theorized to be a millionth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a centimeter in size. String theory introduces additional space dimensions to the three that we are accustomed to, in order to account for the behavior of matter.
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